Table 3.

Characteristics according to the presence or absence of upper GI symptoms in the diabetic patient group n (%)

	UGI symptoms (+) (n = 83)	UGI symptoms (-) (n = 107)	Total (n = 190)
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	57.3 ± 13.1	57.1 ± 12.1	57.2 ± 12.5
M/F	34 (40)/52 (60)	52 (50)/52 (50)	86 (45)/104 (55)
Smoking	24 (29)	28 (26)	52 (27)
Alcohol use	19 (23)	32 (30)	51 (27)
Diabetic treatment	76 (92)	97 (91)	175 (91)
Complication	55 (66)	49 (46)	104 (55)
Peripheral neuropathy	49 (59)	44 (41)	93 (49)
Nephropathy	33 (40)	23 (22)	56 (30)
Retinopathy	32 (39)	16 (15)	48 (25)
HbA1c
mean ± SD	8.06 ± 1.90	7.39 ± 1.94	7.68 ± 1.95
≥ 8	38 (46)	26 (24)	64 (34)
Duration (yr)
mean ± SD	10.4 ± 7.3	6.5 ± 5.9	8.2 ± 6.8
≥ 10	44 (53)	35 (33)	79 (42)