Effect of Trx1 gene therapy on left ventricular myocardial functions (echocardiography). (A) Representative echocardiograph pictures of parasternal short axis images, 30 days after MI and gene therapy. Bar graphs represent: - (B) Left Ventricular Inner Diameter in systole (LVIDs, in mm); (C) Left Ventricular Inner Diameter in diastole (LVIDd, in mm); (D) E/A ratio; (E) Ejection Fraction (EF in %) and (F) Fractional Shortening (FS in %). There was significant diastolic (as evidenced by increased E/A ratio) and systolic (as evidenced by reduced EF and FS) functional disorder in the DMI and DMI-AdLacZ groups compared to the CMI and CMI-AdLacZ groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the myocardial functions in the Ad.LacZ treated group compared to the respective non-treated MI groups. Trx1 gene therapy significantly improved both diastsolic and systolic functional parameters when compared to non-treated and Ad.LacZ treated MI groups, in both non-diabetic and diabetic myocardium. Values are mean ± SEM. (n = 4–5/group). CS represents control Sham, CMI represent control group with MI, CMI-AdLacZ represents CMI rats injected with Ad.LacZ, CMI-AdTrx1 represents CMI rats injected with Ad.Trx1, DS represents diabetic Sham, DMI represent diabetic group with MI, DMI-AdLacZ represent DMI rats injected with Ad.LacZ and DMI-AdTrx1 represent DMI rats injected with Ad.Trx1. ψp ≤ 0.05 when DS compared to CS, *p ≤ 0.05 when compared with CMI, #p ≤ 0.05 when compared with CMI-AdLacZ, †p ≤ 0.05 when compared with DMI and ♣p ≤ 0.05 when compared with DMI-AdLacZ.