Effect of gestational age on responsiveness of PNEC/NEB to hypoxia. Comparison of immunohistochemical labeling for Mash-1 and Hes-1 in lung explants from E12 (a–d) and E16 (e–h) grown for 6 days under normoxia or hypoxia. In lung explants from E12 maintained for 6 days under normoxia, both Mash-1 (a) and Hes-1 (c) were strongly expressed. Arrow in panel c points to an NEB that is Hes-1 negative. In similar cultures exposed to hypoxia, NEB lacked expression of Mash-1, (b) but Hes-1 expression remained unaffected (d), as noted by epithelial cells showing positive nuclear staining for Hes-1 surrounding a Hes-1-negative NEB (arrow) (original magnification × 600). In contrast, organ cultures from E16 lungs exposed for 6 days to normoxia (e, g) or hypoxia (f, h) maintained strong expression of both Mash-1 and Hes-1 under either normoxia or hypoxia. Arrows point to NEB cells that are Mash-1 positive and Hes-1 negative. Note that in E16 + 6d cultures, the surrounding epithelium is positive for Hes-1 (original magnification × 400).