Table 1.
Hemodynamic variables induced in different experimental paradigms
| Swimming |
Diving |
Dunk Naive |
Dunk Dive |
Decerebrate |
Anesthetized |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ctrl | Exp | Ctrl | Exp | Ctrl | Exp | Ctrl | Exp | Ctrl | Exp | Ctrl | Exp | |
| HR, bpm | 505 ± 4 | 501 ± 3 | 466 ± 6 | 96 ± 2 | 451 ± 12 | 76 ± 4 | 488 ± 4 | 77 ± 3 | 343 ± 6 | 117 ± 11 | 358 ± 9 | 256 ± 14 |
| MABP, mmHg | 118 ± 1 | 115 ± 1 | 116 ± 1 | 129 ± 1 | 107 ± 2 | 117 ± 2 | 113 ± 3 | 126 ± 2 | 121 ± 3 | 124 ± 3 | 100 ± 2 | 109 ± 3 |
| PP, mmHg | 22 ± 0.5 | 23 ± 0.5 | 23 ± 0.4 | 41 ± 0.6 | 19 ± 2 | 37 ± 3 | 22 ± 0 | 41 ± 1 | 27 ± 2 | 56 ± 3 | 30 ± 2 | 38 ± 3 |
Data are means ± SE of hemodynamic variables induced in rats after swimming, voluntary diving underwater, forced submergence underwater (Dunk), or nasal stimulation with ammonia vapors (Decerebrate and Anesthetized). Ctrl, control; Exp, experimental; HR, heart rate; bpm, beats/min; MABP, mean arterial blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure.