Fig. 3.

Commonalities between AMPK and SIRT1. Both AMPK and SIRT1 are activated in vivo in many tissues by caloric restriction and exercise as well as treatment with resveratrol and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (see below). In addition, they have many common target molecules and biological actions (7, 22, 46). A case in point: the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which in muscle (26) and other tissues is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, is illustrated in Fig. 5. FOXO, forkhead box-containing protein.