Auditory diagram and song recognition training. A: schematic of the songbird auditory forebrain. Ov, nucleus ovoidalis; L, field L; NCM, caudomedial nidopallium; CM, caudal mesopallium. B: schematic of the operant panel used for song recognition learning. C: acquisition curve showing the mean ± SE performance (d-prime) over the 1st 100 blocks of song recognition training for 9 starlings, 100 trials per block.