Fig. 4.
TK reduces ANG II-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NADH oxidase activity in human proximal tubular cells (HKCs) via nitric oxide (NO) formation. A: representative images of ANG II-induced DCF fluorescence. DCF fluorescence results from the oxidation of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) by H2O2. Original magnification is ×400. B: quantification of ROS production as determined by DCF-DA fluorescence. C: NADH oxidase activity in HKCs as determined by chemiluminescence assay. Control, no treatment; rlu, relative light units. Values are expressed as means ± SE (n = 4). *P < 0.05 vs. control. †P < 0.05 vs. ANG II.