Table 2.
Means (SDs) or frequencies of personal, social environmental and physical environmental factors by weight status
| Factors | BMI category | Pa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy weight | Overweight | Obese | |||||
| PERSONAL | |||||||
| Self-care related to healthy eating (mean, SD; range 1[strongly disagree] -5 [strongly agree]) | |||||||
| Feel guilty for preparing healthy foods when family prefers to eat other foods | 1.91 | (0.94) | 2.01 | (0.92) | 2.17 | (1.00) | <0.0005 |
| Family's food preferences take priority over own food preferences | 2.72 | (1.20) | 2.86 | (1.17) | 3.08 | (1.19) | <0.0005 |
| Make time to eat healthy foods even when busy looking after family | 3.75 | (1.00) | 3.55 | (1.01) | 3.19 | (1.01) | <0.0005 |
| Self-care related to PA (mean, SD; range 1 [strongly disagree] -5 [strongly agree]) | |||||||
| Feel guilty doing PA when I have family commitments | 3.14 | (1.17) | 3.20 | (1.20) | 3.16 | (1.23) | 0.650 |
| Family commitments take priority over PA | 3.89 | (1.07) | 3.96 | (1.05) | 4.00 | (1.08) | 0.057 |
| Make time for PA even when busy with family commitments | 2.88 | (1.19) | 2.80 | (1.14) | 2.56 | (1.13) | <0.0005 |
| SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL | |||||||
| Family support for healthy eating (mean, SD; range 1 [never] -5 [very often]) | |||||||
| How often does family eat healthy low-fat foods with you? | 4.00 | (1.03) | 3.85 | (1.05) | 3.58 | (1.11) | <0.0005 |
| How often does family encourage you to eat healthy low-fat foods? | 2.97 | (1.34) | 3.12 | (1.30) | 3.15 | (1.27) | 0.017 |
| How often does family discourage you from eating unhealthy foods? | 2.45 | (1.25) | 2.63 | (1.25) | 2.66 | (1.26) | 0.001 |
| Family/friend/environment support for PA (mean, SD; range 1 [never] -5 [very often]) | |||||||
| How often does family do PA with you? | 2.94 | (1.26) | 3.07 | (1.27) | 2.78 | (1.30) | 0.209 |
| How often does family encourage you to do PA? | 3.04 | (1.31) | 3.20 | (1.31) | 3.11 | (1.28) | 0.131 |
| How often does family discourage you from sitting around? | 1.89 | (1.14) | 2.00 | (1.16) | 2.08 | (1.20) | 0.001 |
| Do you have access to childcare (centre/partner/family/friend) if you wanted to do PA? (%, n) | |||||||
| Yes | 71.5 | (641) | 71.9 | (364) | 64.5 | (282) | 0.110 |
| No | 19.4 | (174) | 18.2 | (92) | 23.6 | (103) | |
| N/A | 9.1 | (82) | 9.9 | (50) | 11.9 | (52) | |
| Frequency of family meals (%, n) | |||||||
| How often do you eat dinner with family? | |||||||
| ≤ 3 times/week | 14.4 | (129) | 12.6 | (64) | 16.0 | (70) | 0.851 |
| About 4-6 times/week | 29.5 | (265) | 30.4 | (154) | 30.0 | (131) | |
| Daily | 56.1 | (503) | 56.9 | (288) | 54.0 | (236) | |
| Influence of children's food preferences (%, n) | |||||||
| I eat fruit because my children do | |||||||
| Agree/strongly agree | 78.5 | (704) | 82.6 | (418) | 78.5 | (343) | 0.607 |
| Other | 21.5 | (193) | 17.4 | (88) | 21.5 | (94) | |
| I eat vegetables because my children do | |||||||
| Agree/strongly agree | 64.4 | (578) | 67.2 | (340) | 63.8 | (279) | 0.898 |
| Other | 35.6 | (319) | 32.8 | (166) | 36.2 | (158) | |
| PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENTAL | |||||||
| Home food availability (%, n) | |||||||
| How often is fruit available in home | |||||||
| Always | 81.8 | (734) | 82.2 | (416) | 75.7 | (331) | 0.057 |
| Other | 18.2 | (163) | 17.8 | (90) | 24.3 | (106) | |
| How often are vegetables available in home (%, n) | |||||||
| Always | 88.3 | (792) | 90.3 | (457) | 87.6 | (383) | 0.966 |
| Other | 11.7 | (105) | 9.7 | (49) | 12.4 | (54) | |
| How often are energy-dense snacks available in home? (mean, SD; range 3-12) | 7.33 | (1.72) | 7.29 | (1.65) | 7.39 | (1.65) | 0.650 |
| How often are energy-dense drinks available in home? (mean, SD; range 3-12) | 6.67 | (1.74) | 6.74 | (1.79) | 7.06 | (1.80) | <0.0005 |
a P-values were calculated using ordinal logistic regression; P-values < 0.05 are bolded.
Abbreviations: PA = physical activity; N/A = not applicable