Table 1. Etiology of the mitral regurgitation in the 54 control patients.

Etiology of mitral regurgitation	N = 54
Primary mitral regurgitation
Mitral valve prolapse with cordal rupture	19
Annular calcification	4
Known rheumatic heart disease	8
Infectious endocarditis	2
Congenital	3
Connective or vasculitis disease	1
Tumor	1
Secondary mitral regurgitation
Left ventricular dilatation	7
Ischemic left ventricular remodeling	6
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	3
Other secondary cause	0