TABLE 2.
Results of Logistic Regressions Predicting DSM-III Depression at Wave 2 Among Blacks (n = 864) and Whites (n = 1887): Americans' Changing Lives Survey, 1986 and 1989
| Blacks, OR (95% CI) | Whites, OR (95% CI) | |
| Control measures (wave 1) | ||
| Male | 0.90 (0.56, 1.46) | 0.51* (0.37, 0.72) |
| Age, y | 0.97* (0.96, 0.99) | 0.99* (0.98, 1.00) |
| Residence in South | 0.93 (0.60, 1.43) | 1.19 (0.87, 1.61) |
| Meets CES-D depression criteriaa | 2.63* (1.70, 4.08) | 2.40* (1.77, 3.27) |
| Socioeconomic measures (wave 1) | ||
| Education, y | 0.94 (0.86, 1.02) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) |
| Poverty ratiob | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) |
| Employed | 1.80 (0.95, 3.41) | 1.30 (0.87, 1.94) |
| Blue-collar occupation | 0.56 (0.31, 1.02) | 1.08 (0.71, 1.65) |
| Stressor and unhealthy behavior measures (wave 1) | ||
| Stressorsc | 1.64* (1.22, 2.21) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.41) |
| Unhealthy behaviorsd | 0.90 (0.69, 1.15) | 0.97 (0.79, 1.18) |
| Stressors × unhealthy behaviors | 0.81* (0.67, 0.97) | 1.11 (0.98, 1.25) |
| Wald χ2 | 61.9* | 124.9* |
| Rescaled R2 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
Note. CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale; CI = confidence interval; DSM-III = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition; OR = odds ratio.
An 11-item measure scaled to 20 by multiplying the sum by 1.818. A CES-D score of 16 or higher represents meeting the criteria for clinical depression.
Lower scores indicate more impoverished status.
Stressors represent a count of stressful life events that respondents reported experiencing. The inventory of events included 9 events (e.g., loss of job, physical attack, serious injury, and so on).
Unhealthy behaviors include smoking (current or ever), drinking (ever), and being obese (defined as having a body mass index [weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared] of 30 or higher). The Wald test of difference between Blacks and Whites for unhealthy behaviors is 7.70; P = .09; df = 1.
*P < .05.