TABLE 3.
Odds Ratios and Adjusted Odds Ratios of LBW and PTB for Multiple- Versus Single-Race/Ethnicity Asian/Pacific Islander Subgroups: California and Hawaii, 2003–2005
| LBW |
PTBa |
|||
| Asian/Pacific Islander Subgroup | OR (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) |
| Asian Indian | ||||
| Asian Indian only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Asian Indian in combinationc | 1.04 (0.75, 1.45) | 0.84 (0.59, 1.20) | 1.34 (1.00, 1.81) | 1.18 (0.85, 1.63) |
| Cambodian | ||||
| Cambodian only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Cambodian in combinationc | 0.87 (0.57, 1.32) | 0.83 (0.54, 1.27) | 0.87 (0.61, 1.24) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.32) |
| Chinese | ||||
| Chinese only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Chinese in combinationc | 1.46 (1.34, 1.59) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.23) | 1.78* (1.66, 1.91) | 1.21* (1.07, 1.38) |
| Chinese–White | 1.01 (0.76, 1.34) | 0.83 (0.62, 1.12) | 1.22 (0.97, 1.52) | 1.05 (0.83, 1.33) |
| Chinese–Filipino | 2.18* (1.73, 2.76) | 1.74* (1.34, 2.26) | 2.08* (1.69, 2.56) | 1.57* (1.25, 1.98) |
| Chinese–Japanese | 1.33 (0.91, 1.92) | 1.02 (0.68, 1.51) | 1.22 (0.88, 1.69) | 0.97 (0.68, 1.37) |
| Chinese–Vietnamese | 1.10 (0.78, 1.54) | 1.09 (0.77, 1.53) | 1.31* (1.00, 1.72) | 1.27 (0.97, 1.67) |
| Chinese–Native Hawaiian | 2.06* (1.62, 2.62) | 1.37* (1.01, 1.85) | 2.20* (1.80, 2.69) | 1.29* (1.00, 1.67) |
| Chinese–Filipino–White | 1.18 (0.73, 1.91) | 0.84 (0.51, 1.38) | 1.54* (1.07, 2.21) | 1.06 (0.72, 1.55) |
| Chinese–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.32* (1.09, 1.60) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.15) | 1.73* (1.49, 2.00) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.33) |
| Chinese–Filipino–Native Hawaiian | 2.02* (1.56, 2.61) | 1.31 (0.95, 1.80) | 2.40* (1.95, 2.96) | 1.41* (1.09, 1.83) |
| Chinese–Filipino–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.18 (0.89, 1.56) | 0.75 (0.53, 1.06) | 1.94* (1.60, 2.36) | 1.17 (0.91, 1.50) |
| Chinese–Japanese–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.79* (1.32, 2.42) | 1.20 (0.84, 1.71) | 1.96* (1.53, 2.51) | 1.24 (0.92, 1.66) |
| Filipino | ||||
| Filipino only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Filipino in combinationc | 0.94 (0.87, 1.01) | 0.77* (0.70, 0.84) | 1.06* (1.00, 1.13) | 0.87* (0.81, 0.94) |
| Filipino–White | 0.76* (0.67, 0.87) | 0.70* (0.61, 0.80) | 0.90* (0.81, 0.99) | 0.81* (0.72, 0.90) |
| Black–Filipino | 1.19 (0.86, 1.63) | 1.06 (0.77, 1.47) | 1.24 (0.94, 1.62) | 1.07 (0.82, 1.41) |
| Chinese–Filipino | 1.24 (0.99, 1.56) | 1.08 (0.86, 1.37) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.27) |
| Filipino–Japanese | 1.26 (0.92, 1.72) | 1.00 (0.72, 1.37) | 0.87 (0.64, 1.19) | 0.73* (0.53, 0.99) |
| Filipino–Native Hawaiian | 1.23 (0.99, 1.54) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.17) | 1.29* (1.07, 1.55) | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) |
| Chinese–Filipino–White | 0.67 (0.42, 1.08) | 0.54* (0.33, 0.87) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.21) | 0.71 (0.49, 1.02) |
| Chinese–Filipino–Native Hawaiian | 1.15 (0.89, 1.48) | 0.85 (0.65, 1.11) | 1.32* (1.07, 1.62) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.21) |
| Filipino–Native Hawaiian–White | 0.89 (0.69, 1.14) | 0.65* (0.50, 0.84) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.26) | 0.77* (0.62, 0.94) |
| Chinese–Filipino–Native Hawaiian–White | 0.67* (0.51, 0.89) | 0.49* (0.36, 0.65) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) | 0.80* (0.65, 0.98) |
| Japanese | ||||
| Japanese only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Japanese in combinationc | 1.05 (0.93, 1.17) | 0.90 (0.78, 1.04) | 1.35* (1.22, 1.49) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.10) |
| Japanese–White | 0.87 (0.73, 1.05) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.19) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) |
| Chinese–Japanese | 0.95 (0.65, 1.38) | 0.88 (0.60, 1.29) | 0.99 (0.71, 1.37) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.13) |
| Filipino–Japanese | 1.59* (1.15, 2.18) | 1.34 (0.96, 1.87) | 1.28 (0.94, 1.75) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.29) |
| Japanese–Native Hawaiian | 1.20 (0.80, 1.81) | 0.95 (0.62, 1.45) | 1.74* (1.27, 2.39) | 1.12 (0.81, 1.57) |
| Japanese–Native Hawaiian–White | 0.93 (0.66, 1.31) | 0.73 (0.51, 1.05) | 1.47* (1.14, 1.91) | 0.97 (0.73, 1.28) |
| Chinese–Japanese–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.28 (0.94, 1.74) | 1.00 (0.72, 1.40) | 1.58* (1.23, 2.04) | 1.06 (0.80, 1.39) |
| Korean | ||||
| Korean only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Korean in combinationc | 1.26 (0.99, 1.59) | 0.91 (0.64, 1.29) | 1.60* (1.35, 1.91) | 1.02 (0.78, 1.33) |
| Korean–White | 0.82 (0.53, 1.27) | 0.72 (0.45, 1.15) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.44) | 0.84 (0.60, 1.19) |
| Thai | ||||
| Thai only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Thai in combinationc | 1.81* (1.22, 2.69) | 2.09* (1.31, 3.33) | 1.29 (0.93, 1.79) | 1.30 (0.89, 1.92) |
| Vietnamese | ||||
| Vietnamese only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Vietnamese in combinationc | 0.93 (0.71, 1.20) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.27) | 0.98 (0.79, 1.22) |
| Vietnamese–White | 0.93 (0.58, 1.50) | 0.85 (0.52, 1.39) | 0.98 (0.66, 1.44) | 0.89 (0.60, 1.34) |
| Chinese–Vietnamese | 0.95 (0.68, 1.34) | 0.93 (0.66, 1.30) | 1.04 (0.79, 1.36) | 1.03 (0.79, 1.35) |
| Native Hawaiian | ||||
| Native Hawaiian only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Native Hawaiian in combinationc | 1.21 (0.96, 1.52) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.29) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) |
| Native Hawaiian–White | 0.99 (0.76, 1.29) | 0.90 (0.68, 1.18) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.18) | 0.93 (0.76, 1.14) |
| Chinese–Native Hawaiian | 1.63* (1.19, 2.25) | 1.47* (1.06, 2.04) | 1.22 (0.95, 1.58) | 1.16 (0.89, 1.51) |
| Filipino–Native Hawaiian | 1.72* (1.26, 2.34) | 1.53* (1.12, 2.10) | 1.30* (1.02, 1.66) | 1.19 (0.93, 1.53) |
| Japanese–Native Hawaiian | 1.34 (0.85, 2.10) | 1.21 (0.76, 1.92) | 1.20 (0.85, 1.70) | 1.18 (0.83, 1.69) |
| Chinese–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.05 (0.79, 1.39) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.29) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.19) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.19) |
| Chinese–Filipino–Native Hawaiian | 1.60* (1.14, 2.24) | 1.41 (1.00, 1.99) | 1.33* (1.03, 1.73) | 1.25 (0.96, 1.64) |
| Filipino–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.24 (0.89, 1.72) | 1.09 (0.78, 1.53) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.35) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.30) |
| Japanese–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.03 (0.69, 1.54) | 0.93 (0.62, 1.41) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.36) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.36) |
| Chinese–Filipino–Native Hawaiian–White | 0.94 (0.66, 1.33) | 0.81 (0.56, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.84, 1.39) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.36) |
| Chinese–Japanese–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.42 (0.98, 2.05) | 1.27 (0.87, 1.87) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.46) | 1.09 (0.80, 1.48) |
| Guamanian | ||||
| Guamanian only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Guamanian in combinationc | 1.00 (0.64, 1.56) | 1.09 (0.65, 1.82) | 0.99 (0.71, 1.38) | 1.22 (0.83, 1.80) |
| Samoan | ||||
| Samoan only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Samoan in combinationc | 1.34* (1.01, 1.77) | 1.20 (0.87, 1.65) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.08) | 0.91 (0.73, 1.14) |
| Samoan–White | 0.73 (0.41, 1.30) | 0.69 (0.38, 1.24) | 0.73 (0.51, 1.04) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.09) |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; LBW = low birthweight; OR = odds ratio; PTB = preterm birth.
a
Adjusted for nativity, maternal age, education, marital status, parity, prenatal care, tobacco use, and state of residence.
b
PTB excludes cases of missing gestational age information, 4.6%.
c
In combination with one or more other race/ethnicity; not mutually exclusive of other “in combination” subgroups.
*P < .05