TABLE 4.
Odds Ratios and Adjusted Odds Ratios of LBW and PTB for Single- and Multiple-Race/Ethnicity Asian/Pacific Islander Subgroups, Compared With Single-Race Non-Hispanic Whites: California and Hawaii, 2003–2005
| LBW |
PTBa |
|||
| OR (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | |
| Non-Hispanic White only (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Single race/ethnicity | ||||
| Asian Indian only | 1.78* (1.69, 1.87) | 2.11* (1.97, 2.25) | 0.93* (0.89, 0.98) | 1.15* (1.08, 1.22) |
| Cambodian only | 2.25* (2.02, 2.51) | 1.85* (1.65, 2.07) | 2.01* (1.83, 2.20) | 1.74* (1.58, 1.92) |
| Chinese only | 1.09* (1.04, 1.15) | 1.19* (1.12, 1.26) | 0.85* (0.82, 0.89) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) |
| Filipino only | 1.92* (1.85, 1.99) | 1.95* (1.86, 2.04) | 1.55* (1.51, 1.60) | 1.61* (1.55, 1.67) |
| Hmong only | 1.32* (1.18, 1.49) | 1.14* (1.00, 1.29) | 1.49* (1.37, 1.64) | 1.25* (1.14, 1.37) |
| Indonesian only | 1.07 (0.79, 1.47) | 1.16 (0.85, 1.60) | 1.30* (1.04, 1.63) | 1.46* (1.17, 1.83) |
| Japanese only | 1.53* (1.42, 1.65) | 1.52* (1.40, 1.66) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) | 1.12* (1.04, 1.21) |
| Korean only | 0.81* (0.74, 0.89) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) | 0.73* (0.68, 0.79) | 0.88* (0.82, 0.95) |
| Laotian only | 2.38* (2.07, 2.75) | 1.97* (1.70, 2.28) | 1.96* (1.73, 2.22) | 1.71* (1.51, 1.95) |
| Pakistani only | 1.93* (1.61, 2.31) | 2.15* (1.79, 2.58) | 1.22* (1.03, 1.45) | 1.34* (1.13, 1.59) |
| Thai only | 1.18 (0.92, 1.52) | 1.15 (0.89, 1.48) | 1.28* (1.06, 1.55) | 1.35* (1.11, 1.64) |
| Vietnamese only | 1.26* (1.19, 1.34) | 1.27* (1.18, 1.36) | 1.08* (1.03, 1.13) | 1.14* (1.08, 1.21) |
| Native Hawaiian only | 1.38* (1.11, 1.71) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.37) | 1.54* (1.31, 1.81) | 1.25* (1.06, 1.48) |
| Guamanian only | 1.49* (1.11, 2.00) | 1.30 (0.97, 1.75) | 1.64* (1.32, 2.05) | 1.45* (1.16, 1.81) |
| Marshallese only | 2.15* (1.69, 2.74) | 1.38* (1.06, 1.81) | 2.85* (2.39, 3.38) | 2.10* (1.74, 2.55) |
| Samoan only | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.01) | 1.67* (1.50, 1.86) | 1.41* (1.26, 1.58) |
| Tongan only | 1.24 (0.97, 1.58) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 1.49* (1.25, 1.78) | 1.31* (1.09, 1.56) |
| Multiple race/ethnicityc | ||||
| Asian Indian in combination | 1.85* (1.34, 2.56) | 1.88* (1.36, 2.60) | 1.26 (0.94, 1.68) | 1.34 (0.99, 1.79) |
| Cambodian in combination | 1.95* (1.30, 2.93) | 1.64* (1.09, 2.48) | 1.75* (1.25, 2.46) | 1.62* (1.15, 2.28) |
| Chinese in combination | 1.60* (1.48, 1.72) | 1.32* (1.20, 1.45) | 1.52* (1.44, 1.61) | 1.30* (1.21, 1.41) |
| Filipino in combination | 1.80* (1.69, 1.92) | 1.44* (1.33, 1.55) | 1.65* (1.57, 1.74) | 1.39* (1.30, 1.47) |
| Japanese in combination | 1.60* (1.46, 1.75) | 1.32* (1.19, 1.46) | 1.42* (1.33, 1.53) | 1.22* (1.13, 1.33) |
| Korean in combination | 1.02 (0.82, 1.28) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.13) | 1.17* (1.00, 1.38) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.28) |
| Thai in combination | 2.14* (1.58, 2.90) | 1.95* (1.43, 2.65) | 1.65* (1.26, 2.16) | 1.57* (1.20, 2.06) |
| Vietnamese in combination | 1.17 (0.90, 1.51) | 1.15 (0.89, 1.49) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.36) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.42) |
| Native Hawaiian in combination | 1.66* (1.56, 1.78) | 1.24* (1.12, 1.38) | 1.67* (1.59, 1.75) | 1.35* (1.24, 1.46) |
| Guamanian in combination | 1.49* (1.07, 2.09) | 1.24 (0.89, 1.75) | 1.62* (1.26, 2.09) | 1.42* (1.10, 1.84) |
| Samoan in combination | 1.36* (1.09, 1.71) | 1.05 (0.83, 1.33) | 1.48* (1.25, 1.75) | 1.23* (1.03, 1.47) |
| Two racial/ethnic combinations | ||||
| Chinese–White | 1.10 (0.83, 1.46) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.43) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.29) | 1.07 (0.86, 1.33) |
| Filipino–White | 1.47* (1.30, 1.66) | 1.29* (1.14, 1.46) | 1.39* (1.27, 1.54) | 1.27* (1.15, 1.40) |
| Japanese–White | 1.34* (1.13, 1.58) | 1.25* (1.06, 1.49) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) |
| Korean–White | 0.67* (0.44, 1.02) | 0.64* (0.42, 0.99) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.05) | 0.78 (0.57, 1.05) |
| Vietnamese–White | 1.18 (0.73, 1.89) | 1.12 (0.70, 1.81) | 1.05 (0.72, 1.55) | 1.05 (0.71, 1.55) |
| Native Hawaiian–White | 1.36* (1.16, 1.59) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) | 1.48* (1.32, 1.66) | 1.18* (1.04, 1.35) |
| Samoan–White | 0.75 (0.43, 1.30) | 0.59 (0.34, 1.04) | 1.22 (0.87, 1.71) | 1.03 (0.73, 1.45) |
| Black–Filipino | 2.28* (1.66, 3.13) | 1.88* (1.37, 2.59) | 1.92* (1.46, 2.51) | 1.67* (1.27, 2.19) |
| Chinese–Filipino | 2.39* (1.90, 3.00) | 2.19* (1.73, 2.77) | 1.78* (1.45, 2.17) | 1.72* (1.40, 2.12) |
| Chinese–Japanese | 1.45* (1.00, 2.09) | 1.44 (0.99, 2.09) | 1.04 (0.75, 1.44) | 1.10 (0.79, 1.52) |
| Chinese–Vietnamese | 1.20 (0.86, 1.68) | 1.21 (0.87, 1.70) | 1.12 (0.86, 1.46) | 1.21 (0.93, 1.59) |
| Chinese–Native Hawaiian | 2.25* (1.78, 2.85) | 1.67* (1.30, 2.15) | 1.88* (1.54, 2.29) | 1.48* (1.20, 1.82) |
| Filipino–Japanese | 2.43* (1.78, 3.31) | 2.02* (1.47, 2.79) | 1.36 (1.00, 1.84) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.67) |
| Filipino–Native Hawaiian | 2.37* (1.90, 2.95) | 1.68* (1.33, 2.13) | 2.00* (1.66, 2.40) | 1.52* (1.25, 1.84) |
| Japanese–Native Hawaiian | 1.84* (1.23, 2.74) | 1.38 (0.92, 2.08) | 1.84* (1.35, 2.51) | 1.50* (1.09, 2.06) |
| Three racial/ethnic combinations | ||||
| Chinese–Filipino–White | 1.29 (0.80, 2.08) | 1.06 (0.66, 1.72) | 1.31 (0.92, 1.88) | 1.18 (0.82, 1.69) |
| Chinese–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.44* (1.19, 1.73) | 1.12 (0.91, 1.37) | 1.47* (1.28, 1.70) | 1.24* (1.06, 1.44) |
| Filipino–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.70* (1.33, 2.18) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.59) | 1.61* (1.32, 1.95) | 1.27* (1.04, 1.56) |
| Japanese–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.42* (1.02, 1.99) | 1.09 (0.77, 1.54) | 1.56* (1.21, 2.00) | 1.30* (1.00, 1.68) |
| Chinese–Filipino–Native Hawaiian | 2.20* (1.71, 2.84) | 1.58* (1.21, 2.07) | 2.05* (1.67, 2.52) | 1.60* (1.29, 1.99) |
| Four racial/ethnic combinations | ||||
| Chinese–Filipino–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.29 (0.98, 1.70) | 0.94 (0.70, 1.25) | 1.66* (1.37, 2.00) | 1.35* (1.10, 1.65) |
| Chinese–Japanese–Native Hawaiian–White | 1.95* (1.45, 2.63) | 1.54* (1.13, 2.10) | 1.67* (1.31, 2.13) | 1.43* (1.11, 1.85) |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; LBW = low birthweight; OR = odds ratio; PTB = preterm birth.
a
PTB excludes cases of missing gestational age information (4.6%).
b
Adjusted for nativity, maternal age, education, marital status, parity, prenatal care, tobacco use, and state of residence.
c
In combination with 1 or more other race/ethnicity; not mutually exclusive of other “in combination” subgroups.
*P < .05