TABLE 2.
Multiple Regression Analysis of Sociodemographic Variables and Perceptions of Barriers to Immunization Among Hmong Respondents, by SHOTS Subscale: California, 2008
| Subscale 1—Accessa (n = 368) |
Subscale 2—Safetyb (n = 377) |
Subscale 3—Importancec (n = 378) |
|||||||
| b (SE) | B | P | b (SE) | B | P | b (SE) | B | P | |
| Income | −0.83 (0.28) | −0.15 | .003 | −0.29 (0.17) | −0.09 | .088 | −0.33 (0.13) | −0.13 | .015 |
| Education | −0.30 (0.22) | −0.07 | .184 | 0.02 (0.14) | 0.01 | .872 | −0.05 (0.11) | −0.03 | .650 |
| Age of arrival in United States, y | −0.03 (0.07) | −0.03 | .637 | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.02 | .778 | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.09 | .233 |
| Years lived in the United States | 0.02 (0.08) | 0.01 | .856 | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.07 | .334 | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.15 | .037 |
| Languaged | |||||||||
| Hmong or mostly Hmong | 7.40 (1.77) | 0.28 | .000 | 2.64 (1.11) | 0.17 | .018 | 1.86 (0.87) | 0.15 | .032 |
| Hmong and English equally | 5.50 (1.87) | 0.16 | .003 | 4.08 (1.15) | 0.20 | .000 | 3.28 (0.90) | 0.21 | .000 |
| Type of nonemergency health caree | |||||||||
| Western, community clinic | −2.27 (1.77) | −0.06 | .200 | −1.17 (1.06) | −0.06 | .272 | −1.40 (0.83) | −0.09 | .095 |
| Western and traditional | 7.14 (1.91) | 0.18 | .000 | 4.36 (1.19) | 0.18 | .000 | 3.02 (0.93) | 0.16 | .001 |
| Traditional only | 7.13 (1.86) | 0.18 | .000 | 3.57 (1.18) | 0.15 | .003 | 1.25 (0.90) | 0.07 | .167 |
| No health care provider | 12.87 (4.50) | 0.13 | .005 | 7.24 (3.13) | 0.11 | .021 | 1.71 (2.21) | 0.04 | .440 |
Note. SHOTS = Search for Hardship and Obstacles to Shots. Analysis was restricted to participants without missing values.
This subscale assessed barriers such as inconvenient clinic hours (R2 = 0.22; F10 367 = 10.15; P < .001).
This subscale assessed concerns about vaccine safety (R2 = 0.13; F10 376 = 5.51; P < .001).
This subscale assessed beliefs about the importance of immunization (R2 = 0.12; F10 377 = 4.90; P < .001).
Reference group for language was English and mostly English.
Western indicates health care from conventional American providers; traditional indicates care from Hmong shamans and herbalists. Reference group was Western health care providers in private practice and health maintenance organizations.