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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Aging. 2010 Mar;25(1):60–73. doi: 10.1037/a0018748

Table 5. Estimates and (Standard Errors) from Latent Growth Curve Models of Openness to Experience and Cognitive Performance for Males, controlling for Education, ADL, and CVD.

Model Term	Verbal	Spatial	Memory	Speed	G
Intercept	53.922 (0.528)^***	54.523 (0.615)^***	51.351 (0.645)^***	51.601 (0.536)^***	53.426 (0.603)^***
Age	-0.058 (0.027)^*	-0.403 (0.029)^***	-0.267 (0.040)^***	-0.482 (0.028)^***	-0.323 (0.024)^***
Age squared	-0.019 (0.004)^***	-0.018 (0.005)^**	-0.016 (0.006)^**	-0.028 (0.004)^***	-0.018 (0.004)^***
Openness	0.567 (0.119)^***	0.647 (0.130)^***	0.526 (0.129)^***	0.594 (0.116)^***	0.699 (0.117)^***
Openness × Age	0.003 (0.006)	0.012 (0.007)	0.007 (0.009)	0.013 (0.007)	0.010 (0.006)
Openness × Age squared	-0.001 (0.001)	0.000 (0.001)	0.004 (0.001)	-0.001 (0.001)	-0.000 (0.001)

^*

p<.05,

^**

p<.001

^***

p<.0001.