Table 2.

Estimated Changes in Weight, Body Fat, Percent Body Fat, Central-to-Peripheral Fat Ratio, and Total Body Lean Mass across 36 Months by Contraceptive Method^a,^b,^c

	OC	DMPA	NH	P value*
Weight, kg				NH vs. OC: = .168 NH vs DMPA: <.001 OC vs. DMPA: <.002
6 mo	−1.17	1.48	0.19
12 mo	−0.35	1.93	0.86
18 mo	0.07	4.43	1.37
24 mo	−0.08	4.44	0.07
30 mo	0.65	4.87	1.62
36 mo	1.47	5.12	2.05
Total body fat, kg				NH vs. OC: <.01 NH vs DMPA: <.001 OC vs. DMPA: <.001
6 mo	−0.56	1.17	−0.05
12 mo	0.15	1.78	0.09
18 mo	0.59	3.63	0.30
24 mo	0.67	3.72	−0.37
30 mo	1.20	3.87	0.91
36 mo	1.90	4.14	1.17
Percent body fat, %				NH vs. OC: <.01 NH vs DMPA: <.001 OC vs. DMPA: <.003
6 mo	0.02	1.07	−0.23
12 mo	0.72	1.75	−0.31
18 mo	1.14	3.02	−0.31
24 mo	1.26	3.16	−0.44
30 mo	1.38	3.27	0.42
36 mo	1.63	3.41	0.51
Central-to-peripheral fat ratio				NH vs. OC: = .135 NH vs DMPA: <.001 OC vs. DMPA: <.001
6 mo	−0.01	0.03	−0.01
12 mo	−0.02	0.05	−0.01
18 mo	−0.02	0.08	−0.02
24 mo	−0.01	0.09	−0.03
30 mo	0.00	0.10	−0.03
36 mo	0.00	0.10	0.00
Total body lean mass				NH vs. OC: <.026 NH vs DMPA: =.996 OC vs. DMPA: <.016
6 mo	−0.89	0.30	0.25
12 mo	−0.77	0.01	0.63
18 mo	−0.92	0.50	0.67
24 mo	−1.15	0.44	−0.39
30 mo	−0.78	1.00	0.17
36 mo	−0.36	1.16	−0.24

OC = oral contraceptive; DMPA = depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; NH = nonhormonal contraception.

^aMean baseline value was subtracted from mean modeled value at each follow-up visit to generate the numbers in the table.

^bAdjusted by baseline values (baseline weight, total body fat, percent body fat, or baseline central-to-peripheral fat ratio), age (16–24 years vs. 25–33 years), age at menarche (years in continuous scale), race/ethnicity (black, white, and Hispanic), parity, weight-bearing exercise (≤120min/wk vs. >120min/wk), alcohol use (gm/day), smoking status (current smoker vs. not), months of pill use, and previous use of DMPA.

^cLinear mixed model was used for the adjustment, and P values are based on the main effect models.

^*P values indicate the difference between the methods across 36 months.