Table 5. Sexual risk behaviour during non-antiretroviral treated follow-up and after antiretroviral initiation stratified by CD4 lymphocyte counta.
| CD4 cell count group (cells/μL) and AORs for after ART initiation compared to pre-ART | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| <200 | 200-499 | ≥500 | |
| Unprotected Intercoursec | |||
| AORb | 0.60 (0.38, 0.96) | 0.63 (0.40, 0.99) | 0.69 (0.24, 1.99) |
| AOR | 0.63 (0.38, 1.04) | 0.71 (0.45, 1.02) | 0.70 (0.24, 2.04) |
| Abstinence | |||
| AORb | 1.14 (0.85, 1.53) | 0.95 (0.72, 1.26) | 1.17 (0.62, 2.19) |
| AORc | 1.13 (0.82, 1.56) | 0.99 (0.73, 1.33) | 1.27 (0.68, 2.40) |
| 100% Condom Usee | |||
| AORb | 1.71 (1.05, 2.79) | 1.84 (1.23, 2.75) | 1.90 (0.74, 4.86) |
| AORc | 1.59 (0.93, 2.74) | 1.56 (1.02, 2.39) | 1.85 (0.69, 4.94) |
| >1 sex partnerd | |||
| AORb | 0.40 (0.22, 0.76) | 0.81 (0.45, 1.48) | 1.02 (0.25, 4.19) |
| AORd | 0.31 (0.16, 0.60) | 0.64 (0.34, 1.19) | 0.72 (0.16, 3.32) |
| >2 sexual encounterse | |||
| AORb | 0.64 (0.38, 1.08) | 1.30 (0.87, 1.95) | 1.36 (0.61, 2.99) |
| AORd | 0.53 (0.30, 0.92) | 1.13 (0.71, 1.80) | 1.00 (0.43, 2.35) |
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy
CD4 lymphocyte analysis was performed on all HIV-seropositive women every three months beginning in April 1998. This analysis includes data from 765 women who contributed 4,957 visits at which CD4 data were available.
Multivariate analyses were used to control for time since enrolment in the cohort, as high-risk behaviours have previously been shown to decrease over time among women in the Mombasa cohort [14, 15].
Multivariate analyses were used to control for number of years since enrolment in the cohort, calendar year category (1997-2000, 2001-2004, and 2005-2008), age (time varying), and any contraceptive use (time varying). There were no CD4 counts in the period from 1993-1996.
Multivariate analyses were used to control for number of years since enrolment in the cohort, calendar year category (1997-2004 and 2005-2008), age (time varying), and any contraceptive use (time varying). There were no CD4 counts in the period from 1993-1996. Because of sparse data in the 1997-2000 category, these visits were combined with the 2001-2004 category in order for the models to converge.
Analyzed only among women reporting any sexual activity.