Table 2.

Serum uric acid concentration according to total, dietary and supplement vitamin C intake (1994) in a sub-sample of the Health Professional Follow up Study (n=1,387)

	Serum Uric Acid concentration, mg/dL					P_trend
Total vitamin C intake, mg/d	<90	90–249	250–499	500–999	≥ 1000
n	96	605	245	214	227
Age- and BMI - adjusted	6.3±0.1¹	6.1±0.05	6.1±0.08	5.7±0.08^***	5.8±0.08^**	<0.001
Multivariate²	6.4±0.1	6.1±0.05^*	6.0±0.08^*	5.7±0.08^***	5.7±0.08^***	<0.001

Vitamin C supplement, mg/d	0	1–249	250–499	500–999	≥ 1000
n	509	405	105	165	203
Age- and BMI - adjusted	6.2±0.05	6.0±0.06	5.8±0.12^*	5.8±0.09^**	5.8±0.08^***	<0.001
Multivariate²	6.2±0.05	6.0±0.06	5.8±0.12^**	5.8±0.09^***	5.7±0.08^***	<0.001

Dietary vitamin C, mg/d	<50	50–99	100–199	200–299	≥300
n	26	241	791	271	58
Age- and BMI - adjusted	6.6±0.24	6.0±0.07^*	6.0±0.04^*	6.0±0.07^*	6.1±0.16	0.49
Multivariate²	6.6±0.24	6.1±0.08	6.0±0.04^*	6.0±0.08^*	5.9±0.17	0.10
Excluding vitamin C supplement users²	6.9±0.36	6.3±0.13	6.2±0.07	6.0±0.13	6.2±0.29	0.12

Mean ± SE

Adjusted for age (y), smoking status (never smoker, past smoker, or current smoker: 1–14 or ≥ 15 cigarettes/d), BMI (<23, 23–24.9, 25–26.9, 27–28.9, or ≥29 kg/m²), ethnicity (Caucasian vs. others), systolic blood pressure (<105, 105–114, 115–124, or ≥125 mm Hg), presence of gout (yes/no), use of aspirin (yes/no), total energy (kcal/d), meat (servings/d), seafood (servings/d), dairy protein (g/d), fructose (g/d), alcohol (0, <5, 5–9, 10–14, 15–29, 30–49, or ≥ 50 g/d), and coffee (0, <1, 1–3, 4–5, or ≥ 6 cups/d).

P<0.05,

^**

P<0.01, and

^***

P<0.001