Table 3.
Serum uric acid concentration according to total vitamin C intake (1994) in a sub-sample of the Health Professional Follow up Study (n=1,387), stratified by age, smoking status, BMI, and alcohol intake1
| Serum Uric Acid concentration, mg/dL | Ptrend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total vitamin C intake, mg/d | <90 | 90–249 | 250–499 | 500–999 | ≥1000 | |
| Age, y | ||||||
| < 60 | 6.3±0.17 | 6.1±0.07 | 6.1±0.12 | 5.8±0.13 | 5.8±0.12 | 0.02 |
| ≥ 60 | 6.5±0.18 | 6.2±0.07 | 6.0±0.10* | 5.7±0.11*** | 5.7±0.11*** | <0.001 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 6.2±0.20 | 6.0±0.07 | 6.0±0.10 | 5.6±0.12 | 5.8±0.12 | 0.05 |
| Ever | 6.6±0.16 | 6.2±0.07 | 6.1±0.12 | 5.8±0.11*** | 5.7±0.11*** | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||
| <25 | 6.1±0.20 | 5.9±0.07 | 5.8±0.10 | 5.6±0.11* | 5.5±0.11* | 0.05 |
| ≥ 25 | 6.6±0.17 | 6.3±0.07 | 6.3±0.12 | 5.9±0.12** | 6.0±0.12** | 0.01 |
| Alcohol intake, g/d | ||||||
| none | 6.0±0.22 | 5.9±0.10 | 5.6±0.17 | 5.4±0.18 | 5.6±0.17 | 0.12 |
| > 0 | 6.5±0.16 | 6.2±0.06 | 6.2±0.09 | 5.8±0.09*** | 5.8±0.09*** | 0.002 |
Adjusted for age (y), smoking status (never smoker, past smoker, or current smoker: 1–14 or ≥ 15 cigarettes/d), BMI (<23, 23–24.9, 25–26.9, 27–28.9, or ≥29 kg/m2), ethnicity (Caucasian vs. others), systolic blood pressure (<105, 105–114, 115–124, or ≥125 mm Hg), presence of gout (yes/no), use of aspirin (yes/no), total energy (kcal/d), meat (servings/d), seafood (servings/d), dairy protein (g/d), fructose (g/d), alcohol (0, <5, 5–9, 10–14, 15–29, 30–49, or ≥ 50 g/d), and coffee (0, <1, 1–3, 4–5, or ≥ 6 cups/d).
P<0.05,
P<0.01, and
P<0.001, relative to the lowest intake category.