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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Future Neurol. 2010 Mar 1;5(2):227–246. doi: 10.2217/fnl.10.1

Figure 3. Select TLR4 and HIF-1α signaling pathways in microglia.

Figure 3

Pathways associated with normoxia, hypoxia/ischemia and TLR4 activation by LPS are outlined in blue, red or green, respectively. †DAMPS include HSP, HMGB1 and other endogenous ligands for TLR4.

DAMP: Danger-associated molecular pattern; HIF: Hypoxia inducible factor; LPB: LPS-binding protein; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; PHD: Prolylhydroxylase protein; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TRAM: TRIF-related adaptor molecule; TRIF: Toll–IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor factor.