Increased osteoclast-inducing potential of Sh3bp2KI/KI osteoblasts. Sh3bp2+/+ bone marrow macrophages were co-cultured with either Sh3bp2+/+ or Sh3bp2KI/KI osteoblasts for 7 days. Bone chip analysis revealed increased resorption activity in co-cultures containing Sh3bp2KI/KI osteoblasts (Student's t-test, n=15 for resorption pit; n=6 for TRAP staining; *p<0.05) (A&B). The Rankl/Opg ratio in osteoblast cultures was significantly higher (with increase in RANKL and decrease in OPG expression) in Sh3bp2KI/KI cultures compared to Sh3bp2+/+ cultures at day 7 of osteoblastic differentiation, indicating an enhanced ability to generate osteoclasts (C–E). The expression of TNF-α in osteoblasts was significantly reduced in Sh3bp2KI/KI cultures (F). Biological as well as technical triplicates were performed for each assay. (Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test, n=3, *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01)).