Table 2.

ORs and 95% CIs for smoking-related and other lung cancer risk factors

Risk factor	Reference group	OR* (95% CI)
Smoking status
Former		3.38 (2.20−5.20)
Current	Never smokers	6.20 (4.06−9.47)
Current smokers
Duration >30 y	≤30 y	1.97 (1.16−3.33)
No. cigarettes/day >20	≤20/d	3.94 (2.26−6.87)
Pack-years >40	<40 pack-years	3.44 (2.15−5.47)
Menthol cigarette use	None	0.69 (0.46−1.03)
Former smokers
Duration >30 y	30 y	2.43 (1.58−3.75)
No. cigarettes/day >20	≤20/d	1.75 (1.04−2.93)
Pack-years >40	<40 pack-years	2.74 (1.67−4.52)
Years since cessation >10 y	≤10 y	0.42 (0.27−0.67)
Age at cessation >30 y	≤30 y	2.60 (1.03−6.58)
Menthol cigarette use	None	0.99 (0.62−1.56)
Environmental exposures
Asbestos	No exposure	1.58 (1.18−2.12)
Wood dusts	No exposure	1.50 (1.09−2.05)
Fibers	No exposure	1.33 (0.83−2.13)
SVF	No exposure	2.27 (1.44−3.60)
Benzene	No exposure	1.17 (0.83−1.65)
Toluene/xylene	No exposure	1.40 (1.02−1.92)
Dry cleaning	No exposure	1.60 (0.76−3.37)
Vehicle exhaust	No exposure	1.01 (0.73−1.43)
Pesticides	No exposure	1.36 (0.82−2.25)
Glues and plastics	No exposure	1.22 (0.78−1.91)
Comorbidities
Asthma	No self-reported diagnosis	1.11 (0.74−1.65)
COPD	No self-reported diagnosis	6.38 (3.24−12.59)
Hay fever	No self-reported diagnosis	0.68 (0.47−0.99)
Family history
Lung cancer in ≥1 FDR	No family history	1.11 (0.76−1.61)
Smoking related cancer in ≥1 FDR	No family history	1.02 (0.73−1.42)

Abbreviation: FDR, first-degree relative.

^*Adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status when possible.