Table 1.
Summary of the literature regarding the first and last sign (duration) of behavioural oestrus, or stood-to-be-mounted (STBM) event, within one oestrus period
| Reference | Method | Mean (h) | Range (h) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wishart, 1972 | Visual | 14.7 ± 1.6 | 10 to 18 |
| Hurnik et al., 1975 | Visual (24 h/day) | 7.5 to 10.1 | |
| Esslemont and Bryant, 1976 | Visual (24 h/day) | 14.9 ± 4.7 (s.d.) | |
| Britt et al., 1986 | Visual (8 h intervals) | 13.8 ± 0.6 (s.e.) | |
| Coe and Allrich, 1989 | Visual (24 h/day) | 14.9 ± 0.7 (s.e.) | 2 to 27 |
| Lyimo et al., 2000 | Visual (30 min every 3 h) | 20.3 ± 10.4 (s.d.) | 6 to 33 |
| Stevenson et al., 1996 | HeatWatch | 14 ± 0.8 (s.e.) | 2.5 to 26 |
| Walker et al., 1996 | HeatWatch | 9.5 ± 6.9 (s.d.) | |
| Dransfield et al., 1998 | HeatWatch | 7.1 ± 5.4 (s.d.) | 0.5 to 36 |
| Xu et al., 1998 | HeatWatch | 8.6 ± 0.46 (s.e.) | 1 to 21 |
| At-Taras and Spahr, 2001 | HeatWatch | 5.83 ± 0.78 (s.e.) | |
| Lopez et al., 2002 | HeatWatch | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 0.2 to 12 |
| Cavalieri et al., 2003 | HeatWatch | 10.9 | 10 to 12 |
| Visual (30 min every 3 h) | 14.4 | 13 to 16 | |
| Roelofs et al., 2005b | Visual (30 min every 3 h) | 11.8 ± 4.4 (s.e.) | |
| STBM only | 5.0 ± 3.0 (s.e.) | ||
| Roelofs et al., 2005a | Pedometers | 10.0 ± 4.2 | |
| Walker et al., 2008 | Visual (30 min every 3 h) | 15.2 ± 1.3 (s.e.) | 3 to 24 |
| STBM only | 10.0 ± 1.1 (s.e.) | 3 to 18 |
HeatWatch refers to an electronic pressure recording device placed on the sacrolumbar region of cows to record STBM.