Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Pathways sample Without Cognitive Impairment by Depression Status
| Characteristic | Overall N = 3837 | No major depression N = 3382 | Major depression N = 455 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 63.2 (13.2) | 63.7 (13.1) | 59.0 (13.5) | <0.0001 |
| Women, N (%) | 1,837 (47.9%) | 1,568 (46.4%) | 269 (59.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Non-white, N (%) | 740 (19.3%) | 647 (19.1%) | 93 (20.4%) | 0.51 |
| ≥1+ year(s) of college, N (%) | 2,924 (76.2%) | 2,592 (76.6%) | 332 (73.0%) | 0.08 |
| Single marital status, N (%) | 1,297 (33.8%) | 1,096 (32.4%) | 201 (44.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of diabetes, mean (SD), years | 9.6 (9.4) | 9.6 (9.5) | 9.6 (8.3) | 0.97 |
| Diabetes treatment, N (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| None or diet | 941 (24.5) | 864 (25.6) | 77 (16.9) | |
| Oral hypoglycemic | 1,726 (45.0) | 1,547 (45.7) | 179 (39.3) | |
| Any insulin | 1,170 (30.5) | 971 (28.7) | 199 (43.7) | |
| RxRisk score, mean (SD), $ | 3,120 (2,444) | 3,078 (2,384) | 3,426 (2,836) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 2,392 (62.3%) | 2,105 (62.2%) | 287 (63.1%) | 0.73 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 31.6 (7.3) | 31.2 (6.8) | 34.9 (9.3) | <0.0001 |
| Physical inactivity (0 to 1 days of exercise per week) | 1,247 (32.5%) | 1,036 (30.6%) | 211 (46.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoking, N (%) | 331 (8.6%) | 264 (7.8%) | 67 (14.7%) | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 7.8 (1.6) | 7.7 (1.5) | 8.2 (1.7) | <0.0001 |
| No. of baseline diabetes complications/ automated data (0–6) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.4) | <0.0001 |