Table 2.

Hazard Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals in Patients With Major Depression Compared to Controls Without Major Depression

Covariate adjustment	Major depression hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
Unadjusted	1.83 (1.27, 2.62)
Demographic characteristicsa and clinical characteristicsb, self-care, and health care utilization variablesc	2.69 (1.77, 4.07)

^aDemographic characteristics at baseline: age, gender, education, ethnicity/racial status

^bClinical characteristics at baseline: diabetes duration, treatment intensity (insulin or no insulin treatment), expected costs (RxRisk), diabetes complications, hypertension (at baseline)

^cSelf-care and health care utilization variables at baseline: BMI, smoking, HbA_1c, physical inactivity, number of primary care visits per month