Table 5.

Results of Block Entry Regression for the End of First Grade Math Calculation and the End of Third Grade Math Calculation: Regression Coefficients and Variance Explained by Each Block of Variables

		First Grade Math Calculation					Third Grade Math Calculation
Model		B	β	t value	p value	Effect size*	B	β	t value	p value	Effect size*
One
Age		0.07	0.02	0.47	0.64		0.16	0.04	0.69	0.49
Vocabulary		0.10	0.24	3.96	0.00		0.15	0.28	3.72	0.00
Matrix Reasoning		0.14	0.29	5.19	0.00		0.21	0.34	4.87	0.00
Digit Span forward		−0.07	−0.05	−0.77	0.44		−0.08	−0.04	−0.57	0.57
Digit Span backward		0.40	0.26	4.38	0.00		0.25	0.13	1.73	0.09
Two
Age		−0.01	0.00	−0.03	0.97	-	0.03	0.01	0.16	0.88	-
Vocabulary		0.05	0.12	2.02	0.05	0.02	0.06	0.12	1.69	0.09	-
Matrix Reasoning		0.10	0.19	3.40	0.00	0.05	0.11	0.18	2.75	0.01	0.04
Digit Span Forward		−0.05	−0.04	−0.61	0.54	-	−0.04	−0.02	−0.30	0.77	-
Digit Span Backward		0.27	0.18	2.97	0.00	0.03	0.07	0.03	0.51	0.61	-
Number Sense Brief		0.17	0.33	5.19	0.00	0.10	0.33	0.48	6.86	0.00	0.26
Model	R Square	R Square Change	F Change	df 1	df 2		R Square	R Square Change	F Change	df 1	df 2
One	0.35		29.46**	5	273		0.33		18.77**	5	187
Two	0.41	0.06	26.89**	1	272		0.47	0.14	47.12**	1	186

^*Cohen's (1988) f² statistic where 0.02 is a small effect size, 0.15 is a medium effect size, and 0.35 is a large effect size.

^**p < 0.01