| alginates |
sets in the presence of divalent counterions |
| agar |
sets on cooling; thermoreversible mechanism involves formation of double helices |
| carageenan |
gels when mixed with proteins |
| locust bean gum |
gels on addition of various counterions including borates |
| gum arabic |
gels at high concentrations and in acidic environments by partial precipitation of entangled molecules |
| xanthan |
provides shear thinning gels; thermoreversible gelation |
| gellan |
thermoreversible double-helix formation |
| pectin |
gels at low pH and with divalent ions |
| cellulose derivatives |
various derivatives form gels by swelling, or even wicking |
| gelatin |
thermoreversible gels form on cooling |
