Table 3. Changes Occurring during Different Stages of the Maillard Reaction (adapted from Nursten(125)).
| changes | initial phase | intermediate stage | final stage |
|---|---|---|---|
| production of color or discoloration | − | + | +++ |
| production of flavor or off-flavor | − | + | ++ |
| production of water | + | + | + |
| lowering of pH | + | + | + |
| antioxidative activity | + | + | + |
| loss of vitamin C activity | + | − | − |
| loss of biological value of proteins | + | + | + |
| production of fluorescence | − | + | + |