Table 4.
Design features, and observed and directly standardized prevalence estimates for studies of the prevalence of dementia from Latin America
| Study, setting | Reference | Sample size of those aged ≥65 | Screening procedure | Screen negatives sampled in phase 2? | Dementia criterion | Dementia preva-lence (≥65), % |
Dementia prevalence (≥70), % |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| observed | directly standardized to the sample or the current Cuban study | observed | directly standardized to the sample for the current Cuban study | ||||||
| Cuba, Havana and Matanzas | current study | 2,944 (2,184) | 1 phase | n/a | DSM-IV | 6.4 | 6.4 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| Previous studies | |||||||||
| Chile, Concepcion | Albala et al. 1997 [11] | 2,449 | MMSE <22 | yes, 2% | DSM-III-R | 6.0a | |||
| Chile (rural) | 2,240 | PFAQ >5 | 5.5a | ||||||
| Venezuela, Maracaibo | Molero et al. 2007 [7] | 1,364 (941) | 1 phase | n/a | CDR ≥1 | 13.3 | 14.8b,c | 17.2d | 18.6b,c |
| Brazil, Cantanduva | Herrera et al. 2002 [5] | 1,656 (1,042) | MMSE (education-specific cutpoints) | no | DSM-IV | 7.1 | 9.5e | 10.4 | 12.3e |
| PFAQ >5 | |||||||||
| Brazil, São Paulo | Scazufca et al. 2008 [6] | 2,072 (1,183) | 1 phase | n/a | DSM-IV | 5.1 | 7.2b | 7.2 | 8.9b |
| Colombia, 5 regions | Pradilla et al. 2003 [8] | data not provided | WHO screen and MMSE | no | DSM-IV | – | – | 3.0a | |
| Uruguay, Villa del Cerro | Ketzoian et al. 1997 [9] | data not provided | ‘suspected dementia’ (method not specified) | no | not specified | - | - | 70–79 years: 2.7f | 5.2b |
| ≥80 years: 9.6f | |||||||||
| Cuba, Marianao | Llibre et al. 1997 [10] | 619 (409) | 1 phasea | n/a | DSM-III-R | 10.0 | 11.5b | 14.4a | 15.1b |
Figures in parentheses represent results for the participants aged ≥70 years. PFAQ = Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire.
No further breakdown of prevalence by age or gender within this broad age group, therefore standardization was not possible.
Standardized for age and gender.
The prevalence of dementia according to the same criterion (CDR >1) in the current Cuban study was 9.8% for those aged ≥65 and 11.7% for those aged ≥70.
Unpublished data, provided by the authors.
Standardized for age only.
The age-specific prevalence was estimated from a bar chart, as no numbers are provided in paper. Also, denominators were not provided, hence it was not possible to aggregate the observed prevalence across these age groups.