TABLE 3.
Daily intakes of vitamins as estimated by dietary records of adult (≥18 y) men and women participating in the CoASTAL cohort compared with adult (≥20 y) men and women sampled in NHANES 2001–200212
| Men |
Women |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamins | Total sample | Plausible rEI | Implausible rEI | NHANES 01–02 | Total sample | Plausible rEI | Implausible rEI | NHANES 01–02 |
| n | 175 | 89 | 86 | 2380 | 243 | 147 | 96 | 2267 |
| Vitamin A,3RAE/d | 607 ± 39 | 663 ± 34 | 549 ± 70 | 656 ± 29 | 560 ± 21 | 585 ± 27 | 523 ± 33 | 564 ± 18 |
| Vitamin E, mg α- tocopherol/d | 6.9 ± 0.4 | 8.1 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.5** | 8.2 ± 0.2 | 6.8 ± 0.3 | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4*** | 6.3 ± 0.2 |
| Vitamin C, mg/d | 68 ± 4.6 | 82 ± 6.7 | 54 ± 5.9** | 105 ± 37 | 72 ± 4.6 | 79 ± 4.4 | 62 ± 5.5* | 84 ± 2.6 |
| Vitamin K, μg/d | 71 ± 7.0 | 89 ± 12.9 | 52 ± 4.2** | 89 ± 4.7 | 76 ± 4.3 | 80 ± 4.8 | 70 ± 8.1 | 96 ± 6.5 |
| Thiamin, mg/d | 1.9 ± 0.09 | 2.0 ± 0.06 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.04 | 1.6 ± 0.09 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.08*** | 1.4 ± 0.03 |
| Riboflavin, mg/d | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2** | 2.6 ± 0.06 | 2.1 ± 0.07 | 2.2 ± 0.08 | 1.8 ± 0.1** | 1.9 ± 0.04 |
| Niacin4, mg/d | 26 ± 1.0 | 30 ± 1.0 | 23 ± 1.7*** | 27 ± 0.6 | 21 ± 0.5 | 23 ± 0.6 | 18 ± 0.9*** | 19 ± 0.4 |
| Vitamin B-6, mg/d | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1** | 2.2 ± 0.06 | 1.7 ± 0.06 | 1.9 ± 0.08 | 1.5 ± 0.08*** | 1.5 ± 0.04 |
| Folate,3DFE/d | 565 ± 25 | 606 ± 22 | 523 ± 46 | 636 ± 18 | 511 ± 16 | 554 ± 20 | 446 ± 26** | 483 ± 17 |
| Vitamin B-12, μg/d | 9.3 ± 0.8 | 11.0 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 0.9* | 6.5 ± 0.3 | 8.6 ± 0.8 | 9.3 ± 1.2 | 7.5 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 0.2 |
1
Values are mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate different from plausible rEI: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.00.
2
As estimated by 24-h recall from (36).
3
RAE, retinol activity equivalents; DFE, dietary folate equivalents.
4
Preformed niacin only.