Table 1.

Description of cohort and univariate associations of potential predictors and higher childhood BMI

Variable	Total	Mean ± SD or % yes	Estimatea	Standard	p value
Age at last follow-up, years	1,178	6.59 ± 3.10	N/A	N/A	N/A
Female sex	1,178	47.3%	−0.363	0.071	<0.0001
Non-Hispanic white ethnicity	1,178	72.1%	−0.029	0.081	0.72
Maternal factors
Maternal age, years	1,169	30.285.65	−0.001	0.006	0.86
Maternal education >12 years	1,178	77.6%	−0.122	0.087	0.16
Annual income USD <30,000	1,145	77.7%	0.071	0.087	0.42
Fetal and perinatal factors
Exposure to cigarette smoke in utero	1,171	9.1%	−0.069	0.125	0.58
Exposure to diabetes in utero	1,178	14.7%	0.261	0.102	0.01
Size for gestational age
Small	1,178	15.6%	−0.509	0.098	<0.0001
Appropriate	1,178	76.4%	reference	reference	reference
Large	1,178	8.0%	0.661	0.131	<0.0001
Infant factors
Exclusive breastfeeding duration, months	1,178	1.25 ± 1.66	0.008	0.022	0.72
Total breastfeeding duration, months	1,178	6.85 ± 7.45	−0.016	0.005	0.001
Weight gain in 1st year of life, kg/year	1,178	7.01 ± 1.41	0.322	0.024	<0.0001
Cohort selection factors
HLA DR, DQ 3/4	1,178	25.3%	−0.151	0.083	0.07
First-degree relative with type 1 diabetes	1,178	31.1%	0.105	0.078	0.18

^aModels adjusted for age and age².