Table 1. Spectral properties of VFP and its variants in comparison to EGFP, Venus and selected FPs.

The excitation (Ex) and emission (Em) wavelengths, molar extinction coefficient (EC), quantum yield (QY), oligomeric states, relative brightness and photostability are listed. The relative brightness was calculated from the product of EC and QY. Photostability was calculated based on 100% EGFP measured at the same time. nd is not determined.

Protein	Ex (nm)	Em (nm)	EC × 10−3 (M−1cm−1)	QY	Oligomeric states	Relative brightness	Photo- stability (% EGFP)	Ref.
VFP	491	503	83.7	1.0	Weak Dimer	84	33	This work
mVFP	491	503	85.0	0.86	Monomer	73	16	This work
mVFP1	491	503	80.4	0.84	Monomer	68	11	This work
dVFP	491	503	107	1.0	Dimer	107	39	This work
EGFP	488	509	54.4	0.60	Monomer	33	100	This work
Venus	515	527	93.3	0.75	Monomer	70	27	This work
Green FPs -Anthozoa
AzamiGreen	492	505	55.0	0.74	Monomer	41	nd	[44]
mWasabi	493	509	70.0	0.80	Monomer	56	53	[45]
ZsGreen	493	505	43.0	0.91	Tetramer	39	nd	[15]
copGFP	482	502	70.0	0.60	Tetramer	42	nd	[46]
cmFP512	503	512	58.8	0.66	Tetramer	39	92	[47]
aacuGFP2	502	513	93.9	0.71	nd	67	nd	[48]
aeurGFP	504	515	145.7	0.67	nd	98	nd	[48]
eechGFP1	497	510	124.2	0.75	nd	93	nd	[48]
efasGFP	496	507	125.8	0.80	nd	101	nd	[48]
gfasGFP	492	506	102.5	0.73	nd	75	nd	[48]
plamGFP	502	514	98.6	0.96	nd	95	nd	[48]
sarcGFP	483	500	76.7	0.96	nd	74	nd	[48]
GFP-Aequorea derivatives
Superfolder	485	510	83.3	0.65	Monomer	54	90	[12]
mEmerald	487	509	57.5	0.68	Monomer	39	58	[11]
Cyan FPs-Anthozoa
mTFP1	462	492	64	0.85	Monomer	54	63	[49]
Photoconvertable FPs
Kaede	508	518	98.8	0.88	Tetramer	87	26	[50]
dEos (G)	506	516	84	0.66	Dimer	55	24	[51]
mEos2 (G)	506	519	56	0.84	Monomer	47	21	[52]
Photoswitchable FPs
Dronpa	503	517	95	0.85	Monomer	81	nd	[53]
mKikGR	505	515	49	0.69	Monomer	34	7	[54]
cerFP505	494	505	54	0.55	Tetramer	30	54	[47]