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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Addict Dis. 2010 Jan;29(1):84–97. doi: 10.1080/10550880903436002

Table 3.

MMPI-2 Scale and Alcohol Dependence Heritabilities as Estimated by SOLAR

MMPI-2 Scales w/o Alcohol
Dependence Dx as covariate		 MMPI-2 Scales w/ Alcohol
Dependence Dx as covariatea 		Alcohol Dependence Dx w/
MMPI-2 scales as covariates
Trait h2 SE p-value h2 SE p-value h2 SE p-value
Hs 0.471 0.06 <.001 0.261 0.07 <.001 0.201,2 0.08 .003
D 0.39 0.06 <.001 0.28 0.06 <.001 0.221,2 0.09 .001
Hy 0.491 0.06 <.001 0.211 0.07 <.001 0.201,2 0.08 .004
Pd 0.381,2 0.07 <.001 0.261 0.07 <.001 0.172 0.08 .016
Pa 0.271,2 0.07 <.001 0.181 0.06 0.001 0.162 0.07 .014
Pt 0.451 0.07 <.001 0.291 0.07 <.001 0.201,2 0.07 .004
Sc 0.471 0.06 <.001 0.161,2 0.06 0.002 0.171,2 0.07 .011
Ma 0.251 0.11 .004 0.301,2 0.11 0.001 0.1822 0.09 .007
Si 0.35 0.06 <.001 0.35 0.06 <.001 0.201,2 0.12 .003
ANX 0.221 0.06 <.001 0.211 0.06 <.001 0.232 0.08 <.001
DEP 0.501 0.06 <.001 0.291 0.07 <.001 0.272 0.08 <.001
BIZ 0.151 0.06 .005 0.161 0.06 0.002 0.201,2 0.09 .003
ASP 0.361,2 0.07 <.001 0.461 0.07 <.001 0.262 0.08 <.001
MAC-R1 0.33 0.06 <.001 0.35 0.06 <.001 0.271,2 0.05 <.001
1

Age was included as a covariate

2

Gender was included as a covariate, MMPI-2 scale means were constrained to the population mean (i.e., M = 50) to correct for potential ascertainment bias

a

Alcohol Dependence Diagnosis represented a significant covariate for all scales except Si, Dx = Diagnosis.