Table 3.

Hierarchical Regressions: Predicting Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms from the Demographic Variables and the Exposure to Conflict/Violence Variables

Predictors	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3a	Step 3b	Step 3c
Step 1: Demographic variables
Sex (β)a	−.19**	−.31**	−.31**	−.31**	−.32**
Age (β)b	−.02	−.12**	−.11**	−.12**	−.11**
Parent incomec (β)	.05	.03	.02	.02	.02
Parent educationd (β)	−.09	−.07†	−.06	−.06	−.06
Sub-regione (β)	.15**	.08*	.08*	.08*	.08*
Step 2: Exposure to conflict/violence
Political conflict/violence (β)		.18**	.19**	.18**	.19**
Community conflict/violence (β)		.01	.01	.01	.01
School conflict/violence (β)		.25**	.24**	.26**	.24**
Family conflict/violence (β)		.13**	.14*	.14**	.13**
Step 3: Interactionsf
3a. Exposure context by sex
Political by sex (β)			−.04
Community by sex (β)			−.05
School by sex (β)			−.04
Family by sex (β)			.02
3b. Exposure context by age
Political by age (β)				−.05
Community by age (β)				.07
School by age (β)				.01
Family by age (β)				−.05
3c. Exposure among contexts
Political by community (β)					−.01
Political by school (β)					−.06
Political by family (β)					.02
ΔR2	.07	.14	.01	.01	.00
F-value for step	F(5,591) = 8.35**	F(4,587) = 26.13**	F(4,583) = 1.14	F(4,583) = .92	F(3,584) = .87

^aSex was dummy coded (−1 = female, +1 = male).

^bAge was dummy coded −1 = 8, 0 = 11, +1 = 14).

^cParental income was coded as follows: 1 = below average to 5 = way above average.

^dParental education was the average of the two parents’ levels of education: 1= illiterate to 10 = doctorate or law degree.

^eSub-region was coded as follows: 1 = West Bank, 2 = Gaza.

^fStep 3 was repeated three times. Step 3a included the set of interactions of each exposure to conflict/violence variable with sex. Step 3b included the set of interactions of each exposure to conflict/violence variable with age. Step 3c included the set of interactions of exposure to political conflict/violence with each other exposure to conflict/violence variable.

^**p < .01.

^*p<.05.

^†p<.10.