Table 4.

Hierarchical Regressions: Predicting Aggression from the Demographic Variables and the Exposure to Conflict/Violence Variables

Predictors	Step 1	Step 2	Step 3a	Step 3b	Step 3c
Step 1: Demographic variables
Sex (β)a	.21**	.16**	.16**	.16**	.16**
Age (β)b	.24**	.18**	.18**	.18**	.19**
Parent incomec (β)	−.03	−.03	−.03	−.02	−.03
Parent educationd (β)	−.03	−.02	−.02	−.02	−.02
Sub-regione (β)	−.03	−.08†	−.08*	−.08†	−.08†
Step 2: Exposure to conflict/violence
Political conflict/violence (β)		.09†	.09†	.09*	.09†
Community conflict/violence (β)		.16**	.18**	.16**	.16**
School conflict/violence (β)		−.02	−.02	−.02	−.03
Family conflict/violence (β)		.05	.04	.04	.04
Step 3: Interactionsf
3a. Exposure context by sex
Political by sex (β)			.06
Community by sex (β)			−.07
School by sex (β)			−.01
Family by sex (β)			−.08†
3b. Exposure context by age
Political by age (β)				.02
Community by age (β)				−.05
School by age (β)				−.01
Family by age (β)				.01
3c. Exposure among contexts
Political by community (β)					.02
Political by school (β)					−.07
Political by family (β)					.02
ΔR2	.11	.05	.01	.00	.00
F-value for step	F(5,591) = 13.81**	F(4,587) = 7.97**	F(4,583) = 2.39†	F(4,583) = .41	F(3,584) = .85

^aSex was dummy coded (−1 = female, +1 = male).

^bAge was dummy coded (−1 = 8, 0 = 11, +1 = 14).

^cParental income was coded as follows: 1 = below average to 5 = way above average.

^dParental education was the average of the two parents’ levels of education: 1= illiterate to 10 = doctorate or law degree.

^eSub-region was coded as follows: 1 = West Bank, 2 = Gaza.

^fStep 3 was repeated three times. Step 3a included the set of interactions of each exposure to conflict/violence variable with sex. Step 3b included the set of interactions of each exposure to conflict/violence variable with age. Step 3c included the set of interactions of exposure to political conflict/violence with each other exposure to conflict/violence variable.

^**p < .01.

^*p<.05.

^†p<.10.