Table 3.

Mortality rate ratio (95% confidence interval) comparing manual classes to non-manual classes for major groups of causes of death in men aged 45-59

Country	All causes	Neoplasms	Cardiovascular diseases	All other diseases	External causes
Finland	1.53 (1.49 to 1.56)	1.39 (1.32 to 1.47)	1.48 (1.42 to 1.53)	1.60 (1.48 to 1.70)	1.76 (1.66 to 1.87)
Sweden	1.41 (1.38 to 1.44)	1.18 (1.13 to 1.23)	1.36 (1.31 to 1.40)	1.83 (1.72 to 1.93)	1.76 (1.65 to 1.87)
Norway	1.34 (1.30 to 1.39)	1.25 (1.18 to 1.33)	1.34 (1.27 to 1.40)	1.51 (1.40 to 1.63)	1.42 (1.29 to 1.54)
Denmark	1.33 (1.30 to 1.36)	1.21 (1.16 to 1.26)	1.28 (1.23 to 1.33)	1.62 (1.54 to 1.70)	1.36 (1.27 to 1.45)
England and Wales	1.44 (1.33 to 1.56)	1.21 (1.05 to 1.39)	1.52 (1.36 to 1.71)	1.74 (1.40 to 2.16)	1.74 (1.24 to 2.46)
Ireland	1.38 (1.30 to 1.46)	1.39 (1.24 to 1.55)	1.27 (1.17 to 1.38)	1.66 (1.43 to 1.93)	1.66 (1.33 to 2.07)
France*	1.71 (1.66 to 1.77)	1.71 (1.61 to 1.82)	1.35 (1.26 to 1.45)	2.09 (1.97 to 2.22)	1.72 (1.57 to 1.88)
Switzerland	1.35 (1.29 to 1.39)	1.44 (1.35 to 1.54)	1.08 (1.01 to 1.15)	1.75 (1.60 to 1.91)	1.39 (1.26 to 1.53)
Italy	1.35 (1.28 to 1.42)	1.43 (1.31 to 1.55)	1.17 (1.07 to 1.28)	1.60 (1.43 to 1.80)	1.22 (1.03 to 1.46)
Spain	1.37 (1.34 to 1.39)	1.33 (1.29 to 1.38)	1.19 (1.15 to 1.22)	1.52 (1.46 to 1.57)	1.80 (1.68 to 1.93)
Portugal	1.36 (1.31 to 1.40)	1.12 (1.05 to 1.21)	1.03 (0.97 to 1.10)	1.65 (1.55 to 1.76)	2.15 (1.94 to 2.38)

^*Confidence intervals for specific causes of death are estimates.