Table 3.
Results of the statistical analyses of percent correct scores for group effects, using arc sine transforms. F ratios (shown in bold) are for one-way ANOVAs, with group as the between-subjects factor; t-tests are for posthoc comparisons. Degrees of freedom are 4, 95 for the ANOVAs, and 95 for the t-tests. Computed p values are shown. Bonferroni corrections for five multiple comparisons require a p of less than 0.005 for the comparison to be significant at the 0.05 level. Comparisons meeting this adjusted level are indicated by an asterisk.
| F ratio or t | p | |
|---|---|---|
| AE sentences | 49.42 | <0.001 |
| L1 adults vs 7-year-olds | 7.22 | <0.001* |
| L1 adults vs 5-year-olds | 10.16 | <0.001* |
| L1 adults vs 3-year-olds | 13.31 | <0.001* |
| L1 adults vs L2 adults | 9.17 | <0.001* |
| 7- vs 5-year-olds | 2.94 | 0.004* |
| 7- vs 3-year-olds | 6.09 | <0.001* |
| 7- vs L2 adults | 1.95 | 0.054 |
| 5- vs 3-year-olds | 3.16 | 0.002* |
| 5- vs L2 adults | −0.99 | NS |
| 3- vs L2 adults | −4.14 | <0.001* |
| SW sentences | 46.24 | <0.001 |
| L1 adults vs 7-year-olds | 5.03 | <0.001* |
| L1 adults vs 5-year-olds | 7.64 | <0.001* |
| L1 adults vs 3-year-olds | 11.60 | <0.001* |
| L1 adults vs L2 adults | 11.25 | <0.001* |
| 7- vs 5-year-olds | 2.62 | 0.010 |
| 7- vs 3-year-olds | 6.57 | <0.001* |
| 7- vs L2 adults | 6.23 | <0.001* |
| 5- vs 3-year-olds | 3.95 | <0.001* |
| 5- vs L2 adults | 3.61 | <0.001* |
| 3- vs L2 adults | −0.34 | NS |