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. 1998 Jun 6;316(7146):1697–1700. doi: 10.1136/bmj.316.7146.1697

Figure 1.

Figure 1

 Probability of detecting an increase in death rate when the rate increases by a factor of 1.1, 1.5, 2, and 4. For example, for 90% probability of detecting a doubling of death rate from a standard rate of 10% to 20%, 16 expected deaths are required at standard rate—that is, 160 operations