Table 1.
Parsonnet risk factors7*
| Parsonnet factor | Weight (%) |
|---|---|
| Patient factors | |
| Female sex | 1 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction 30-49% | 2 |
| Preoperative balloon pump | 2 |
| Weight ⩾1.5 times ideal | 3 |
| Diabetes | 3 |
| Hypertension (systolic pressure >140 mm Hg) | 3 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction <30% | 4 |
| Age 70-74 | 7 |
| Dependent on dialysis | 10 |
| Emergency due to failure in cardiac catheter laboratory† | 10 |
| Age 75-79 | 12 |
| Age ⩾80 | 20 |
| Catastrophic state | 30 |
| Procedural factors | |
| CABG at time of valve surgery | 2 |
| Valve replacement: | |
| Tricuspid valve | 3 |
| Aortic valve (gradient ⩽120 mm Hg) | 5 |
| Mitral valve (PASP <60 mm Hg) | 5 |
| Congenital heart disease | 5 |
| Left ventricular aneurysm | 5 |
| First reoperation | 5 |
| Valve replacement: | |
| Aortic valve (gradient >120 mm Hg) | 7 |
| Mitral valve (PASP ⩾60 mm Hg) | 8 |
| Second or subsequent reoperation | 10 |
| Heart transplantation | 15 |
CABG=coronary artery bypass grafting. PASP=pulmonary artery systolic pressure.
*
Add all weights that apply to patient and type of operation—for example, female patient having tricuspid valve replacement has estimated risk of 1+3= 4%.
†
For example, cardiac perforation.