Table 2.

Crude and adjusted odds ratios for the relation between socioeconomic status measures and frailty among participants in the Women’s Health and Aging Studies (N=727)

Variables	Unadjusted		Adjusted
Education Models:	Odds Ratio	(95% CI)	Odds Ratio	95%CI
<12 years	3.51	2.42, 5.08)	3.01	(1.99, 4.54)
12 years	1.06	(0.70,1.60)	1.08	(0.70, 1.65)
> 12 years	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
Uninsured*			2.37	(1.42, 3.96)
Public providers			2.04	1.20, 3.49)
Fully insured			1.0 (ref)
3 or more co-morbidities‡			2.98	(1.78, 5.01)
2 co-morbidities			2	(1.26, 3.20)
1 co-morbidity			1.53	(1.04, 2.24)
0 co-morbidities			1.0 (ref)
Current smoker			1.69	(1.02, 2.83)
Former smoker			1.69	(1.21, 2.38)
Never smoker			1.0 (ref)
Age			1.06	1.00, 1.12)
Race			0.68	(0.45,1.04)
Income Models (107 imputed)
Income < $10,000	2.69	(1.84, 3.93)	2.01	(1.28, 3.16)
≥ 10,000 and ≤22,250	1.29	(0.89, 1.88)	1.18	(0.80, 1.74)
Income >22,250	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
Uninsured*			2.48	1.49, 4.16)
Public Providers			2.09	(1.23, 3.56)
Fully insured			1.0 (ref)
3 or more co-morbidities			3.16	(1.88, 5.29)
2 co-morbidities			1.91	(1.21, 3.03)
1 co-morbidity			1.57	(1.07, 2.29)
0 co-morbidities			1.0 (ref)
Current smoker			1.86	(1.12, 3.10)
Former smoker			1.68	(1.20, 2.37)
Never smoker			1.0 (ref)
Age			1.06	(1.00, 1.13)
Race			0.98	(0.64, 1.48)

^*Education is <12 years, 12, or >12

^*Uninsured = Medicare hospitalization coverage only, Medicaid/Medicare, Medicare plus out patient coverage

Race is Black vs. White