Table 1. General characteristics of participants in the Central and Eastern European Renal Cell Carcinoma Study.
| Variables | Cases | Controls | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ‡ P-value | |
| Participants | 1,097 | 42.6 | 1,476 | 57.4 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Males | 648 | 59.1 | 952 | 64.5 | |
| Females | 449 | 40.9 | 524 | 35.5 | 0.01 |
| Age at Interview | |||||
| <45 | 86 | 7.8 | 122 | 8.3 | |
| 45-54 | 278 | 25.3 | 379 | 25.7 | |
| 55-64 | 335 | 30.5 | 460 | 31.2 | |
| 65-74 | 353 | 32.2 | 452 | 30.6 | |
| 75+ | 45 | 4.1 | 63 | 4.3 | 0.61 |
| Mean Age (std) | 59.6 years (10.3) | 59.3 years (10.3) | |||
| Center | |||||
| Romania-Bucharest | 95 | 8.7 | 160 | 10.8 | |
| Poland-Lodz | 99 | 8.7 | 198 | 13.4 | |
| Russia-Moscow | 317 | 28.9 | 463 | 31.4 | |
| *Czech Republic | 586 | 53.4 | 655 | 44.4 | <0.001 |
| Body Mass Index at Interview | |||||
| <25 | 327 | 29.8 | 532 | 36.2 | |
| 25-29.9 | 476 | 43.4 | 620 | 42.1 | |
| 30+ | 293 | 26.7 | 319 | 21.7 | <0.001 |
| Tobacco Status | |||||
| Never | 510 | 46.6 | 599 | 40.7 | |
| Ever | 584 | 53.4 | 874 | 59.3 | 0.003 |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 600 | 54.7 | 906 | 61.4 | |
| Yes | 496 | 45.3 | 569 | 38.6 | 0.001 |
| § Education Level | |||||
| Higher Education | 331 | 31.32 | 350 | 24.48 | |
| Secondary Education | 611 | 57.81 | 962 | 67.27 | |
| Primary Education | 115 | 10.88 | 118 | 8.252 | 0.07 |
| Familial History of Cancer | |||||
| No 1st degree relative with cancer | 733 | 66.8 | 1074 | 72.8 | |
| 1st degree relative with cancer | 364 | 33.2 | 402 | 27.2 | 0.001 |
*
Brno, Olomouc, Prague, Ceske-Budejovice
‡
P-values from Chi-square test
§
Higher education includes high school, university, or higher; secondary education includes middle school and apprenticeships; primary education includes finished and unfinished elementary