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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Feb 20;1803(5):534–543. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.02.004

Fig. 3. Real time-PCR analysis of RNA message associated with GRTH.

Fig. 3

A. Evaluation of messages: GRTH, mouse homolog of drosophila VASA (MVH), mouse PIWI Like homolog 1 (MIWI), protamine 2 (Prm2) and cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) in immuno-precipitated testicular GRTH complexes (GRTH-IP) from wild type (WT) and GRTH knockout (KO) adult mice. Data was expressed as a relative ratio of messages from GRTH-IP to IgG immuno-precipitated negative control group (IgG-IP). Inset: Gel image of messages with the expected fragment size (bp). B. Total message was determined and normalized by β-actin in isolated cytoplasm (C) and nuclear (N) fractions of round spermatids treated with nuclear export inhibitor LMB (200 nM) for 3 hours. C. GRTH and Prm2 messages were determined in immuno-precipitated GRTH complexes from isolated cytoplasm and nuclear fractions of round spermatids treated with LMB. Specific sets of primers for genes of interest were designed accordingly. The values are the means ± S.E. of three independent experiments in triplicate. *, p< 0.05. The ratios of nuclear to cytoplasmic (N/C), nuclear to total (N/T) or cytoplasm to total (C/T) RNA of specific genes were used to represent the effect of LMB on the export of messages from nucleus to cytoplasm.