Table 1.

Studies Investigating Mortality Associated with Sleep Duration

First Author	Year	N	% Female	Age Range	Years Studied	Covariates besides age	Sleep Duration of Reference Group
Amagai	200418	11325	61%	19–93	9	8	7–7.9 hours
Ayas	200332	71617	100%	45–65	10	15	8 hours
Belloc	19739	6928	39%	>18	5.5	0	None
Branch	198410	1235	62%	66–98	4.75	6	7–8 hours
Breslow	19807	6928	39%	>18	9.5	0	None
Burazeri	200323	1842	54%	≥50	9–11	24	6 hours
Chen*	199436	10287	Not reported	32–86	4	4	6–9 hours
Dew	200333	184	54%	≥55	4.1–19.5	0	≥6 hours
Ferrie	200728	10308	33%	35–55	11.8 and 17.1	13	7 hours
Gale	199813	1299	Not reported	≥65	23	9	9 hours
Gangwisch	200835	9789	63%	32–86	8–10	16	7 hours
Goto	200317	724	65%	≥65	12	12	6–7 hours
Gottlieb*	200230	4541	56%	nr	14	5	7–8 hours
Hammond	19643	1064004	57%	<30–≥80	3	0	None
Heslop	200227	3030	15%	Men <65 Women <60	3.25	10	Always 7–8 hours
Hublin	200725	21268	52%	24–101	22	10	7–8 hours
Huppert	199526	6096	56%	≥18	7	nr	6–9 hours
Kaplan	19878	6928	36%	38–≥70	17	6	7–8 hours
Kojima	200016	5322	54%	20–67	12	10	7–8 hours
Kripke	19794	823065	56%	30–>90	3.6	5	7–7.9 hours
Kripke	200231	1116936	57%	30–102	6	32	6.5–7.4 hours
Lan	200721	3079	43%	≥64	10	11	7–7.9 hours
Mallon	200224	1870	52%	45–65	12	17	6–8 hours
Patel	200434	82969	100%	40–65	10	11	7 hours
Pollak	199011	1855	81%	65–98	3.5	10	None
Qureshi	199729	7844	64%	32–>72	10	9	6–8 hours
Ruigomez	199514	1219	61%	≥65	5	7	7–9 hours
Rumble	199212	1020	Not reported	≥65	5	2	4–9.9 hours
Shankar	200822	58044	55.5%	45–74	5	17	7 hours
Suzuki	200820	109778	60%	40–79	12.5(m) 12.9(w)	2	7–8 hours
Tamakoshi	200419	104298	58%	40–79	10	14	7–7.9 hours
Tsubono	199315	4318	60%	≥40	4	1	7–8 hours
Wingard	19826	6928	36%	30–69	9	14	7–8 hours
Wingard	19835	4713	53%	30–69	9	7	7–8 hours

^*=not included in meta-analysis³⁷