Table 1.
Sample Characteristics in 130 Children
| |
No rages in hospital (n = 86, 66.2%) |
Any rages in hospital (n = 44, 33.8%) |
|
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | OR | CI | |
| Clinical history | ||||||
| Rages as admission reason | 35 | 40.7 | 37 | 84.1 | 7.70 | 3.08,19.2*** |
| Bipolar diagnosis by referring clinician | 12 | 13.9 | 15 | 34.1 | 3.04 | 1.27, 7.26** |
| Prior intervention | ||||||
| Any special education | 49 | 64.5 | 36 | 87.8 | 3.97 | 1.39, 11.3** |
| More than 1 hospitalization | 24 | 27.9 | 20 | 45.5 | 2.15 | 1.09, 4.59* |
| Prior ADHD treatment | 58 | 56.9 | 37 | 75.5 | 2.34 | 1.09, 5.00* |
| Admitted taking an atypical antipsychotic | 25 | 29.1 | 30 | 68.2 | 5.23 | 2.38, 11.48*** |
| Best estimate discharge diagnosis | ||||||
| Three or more diagnoses | 45 | 52.3 | 33 | 75.0 | 2.73 | 1.22,6.10** |
| Any diagnosis of ADHD | 41 | 47.7 | 36 | 81.8 | 4.94 | 2.01,11.85*** |
| Any diagnosis of ADHD and/or ODD/CD | 53 | 61.6 | 41 | 93.2 | 8.50 | 2.44, 29.71*** |
| Any diagnosis anxiety disorder | 29 | 33.7 | 7 | 15.9 | .37 | 0.15, 0.94* |
| Any diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder | 28 | 34.6 | 13 | 31.0 | .85 | 0.382, 1.87 |
| Any diagnosis depression | 18 | 20.9 | 10 | 22.7 | 1.11 | 0.46, 2.27 |
| Any mania/bipolar disorder | 4 | 4.7 | 4 | 9.1 | 2.05 | 0.49, 8.62 |
| Any diagnosis of psychosis | 10 | 11.6 | 8 | 18.2 | 1.69 | 0.615, 4.64 |
| Any learning/language disorder (n = 124) | 39 | 46.7 | 35 | 83.3 | 5.51 | 2.20, 13.83*** |
***
< 0.001.
**
< 0.01.
*
< 0.05.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ODD/CD, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder.