Physical interactions of Pitx2 and cofactors. A, nuclear extracts prepared from the abdominal wall tissue of E10.5 WT tissue were immunoprecipitated with antibodies (Ab) against Pitx2, HDAC1, HDAC3, and N-CoR and hybridized with the same antibodies. 10% input and immunoprecipitates without specific antibodies were used as controls. Pitx2 interacted with HDAC1, HDAC3, and N-CoR. HDAC1 interacted with Pitx2 and N-CoR. HDAC3 interacted with Pitx2 and N-CoR. N-CoR interacted with Pitx2, HDAC1, and HDAC3. B, diagrammatic representation of the Pitx2 cofactorial complexes. Pitx2 was in a complex with N-CoR and HDAC1 and in a different complex with N-CoR and HDAC3.