Table 7.
Mean 6-month cost of child use of Health and Social Services Utilization by Physical Quality of Life.
| Physical Problems | Test Statistic: Kruskal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥2 (n = 190) | <2 (n = 239) | Wallis Test | ||||
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | χ 2 | P | |
| Direct Costs | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Primary Care Provider visits | ||||||
| (a) Family Physician/Walk in Clinic (Primary care) | 75.68 | 118.84 | 60.84 | 89.28 | 0.303 | .582 |
| (b) Emergency Room visits | 74.44 | 169.79 | 53.54 | 134.48 | 1.952 | .162 |
| (c) 911 calls | 0.74 | 4.09 | 0.1 | 1.51 | 4.938 | .026 |
| (d) Ambulance Service | 10.11 | 48.33 | 1 | 15.52 | 7.394 | .007 |
|
| ||||||
| Primary Care Provider Services | 160.97 | 237.55 | 115.48 | 181.48 | 2.894 | .089 |
|
| ||||||
| Physician Specialist visits | ||||||
| (e) Adolescent Medicine Allergist | 1.46 | 13.34 | 0.47 | 5.08 | 0.511 | .475 |
| (f) Cardiologist | 4.8 | 18.65 | 2.8 | 28.54 | 5.899 | .015 |
| (g) Dermatologist | 0.56 | 4.47 | 0 | 0 | 3.791 | .052 |
| (h) Ears/Nose/Throat Specialist | 8.58 | 23.29 | 9.04 | 22.18 | 0.371 | .543 |
| (i) Endocrinologist | 3.88 | 20.91 | 2.25 | 17.25 | 0.990 | .320 |
| (j) Gastroentologist | 3.2 | 17.39 | 1.02 | 11.09 | 4.117 | .042 |
| (l) Infectious Disease/HIV Specialist | 0.29 | 4.04 | 0 | 0 | 1.258 | .262 |
| (m) Hematologist or Oncologist | 5.12 | 26.76 | 1.78 | 23.89 | 6.392 | .011 |
| (n) Nephrologist | 3.18 | 17.3 | 0.28 | 4.34 | 6.171 | .013 |
| (o) Neurosurgeon Orthopedics/Neurologist | 36.46 | 78.52 | 10.68 | 47.36 | 30.259 | .000 |
| (p) Ophthalmologist | 18.19 | 38.61 | 5.67 | 19.96 | 20.363 | .000 |
| (q) Pediatrician | 106.89 | 400.52 | 56.27 | 97.16 | 5.044 | .025 |
| (r) Psychiatrist | 17.33 | 117.93 | 4.24 | 38.7 | 3.756 | .053 |
| (s) Respirologist | 6.4 | 44.17 | 2.8 | 19.49 | 0.967 | .326 |
| (t) Rheumatologist | 6.72 | 88.25 | 1.27 | 16.19 | 0.054 | .816 |
| (u) Rehabilitation Doctor | 0 | 0 | 0.26 | 4.03 | 0.795 | .373 |
| (v) Surgeon (general, dental) | 1.16 | 8.42 | 1.85 | 12.01 | 0.290 | .590 |
| (w) Surgeon (orthopedic) | 10.57 | 36.89 | 1.94 | 13.62 | 12.056 | .001 |
| (x) Surgeon (neurological) | 2.24 | 16.97 | 0.25 | 3.93 | 2.622 | .105 |
| (y) Other health professional visit cost | 75.57 | 178.76 | 34.94 | 136.26 | 28.183 | .000 |
|
| ||||||
| Physician Specialist cost | 312.59 | 545.41 | 137.78 | 204.44 | 38.598 | .000 |
|
| ||||||
| Other Health and/or Social services providers | ||||||
| (a) Physiotherapist | 627.51 | 1138.9 | 119.28 | 530.35 | 86.461 | .000 |
| (b) Massage Therapist | 35.74 | 264.71 | 3.93 | 31.96 | 3.381 | .066 |
| (c) Occupational Therapist | 558.7 | 1392 | 378.31 | 746.29 | 1.074 | .300 |
| (d) Speech Language Pathologist | 435.08 | 1021.5 | 505.68 | 904.37 | 0.852 | .356 |
| (e) Chiropractor | 23.77 | 153.39 | 9.47 | 51.66 | 1.512 | .219 |
| (f) Psychologist | 44.74 | 270.9 | 32.81 | 144.44 | 0.000 | .993 |
| (g) Podiatrist/Chiropodist | 8.95 | 70.47 | 3.2 | 27.36 | 1.019 | .313 |
| (h) Nutritionist/Dietician | 48.69 | 184.22 | 15.67 | 81.76 | 11.371 | .001 |
| (i) Nurse Practitioner | 13.89 | 133.92 | 0.35 | 4.21 | 1.266 | .260 |
| (j) Visiting Nurses (Home Care/PHN/VON/SEN) | 790.81 | 4803.1 | 23.56 | 220.26 | 9.263 | .002 |
| (k) Private Nurse | 373.26 | 4767.4 | 0 | 0 | 2.522 | .112 |
| (l) Optometrist | 18.5 | 41.34 | 31.8 | 152.99 | 1.001 | .317 |
| (m) Dentist | 129.14 | 160.2 | 126.89 | 134.77 | 0.029 | .864 |
| (n) Social Worker | 26.84 | 135.2 | 31.15 | 231.6 | 0.000 | .997 |
| (o) Children's Aid Worker | 0 | 0 | 18.8 | 221.07 | 4.012 | .045 |
| (p) Adolescence/School Counselor | 2.52 | 27.41 | 3 | 46.45 | 0.603 | .437 |
| (q) Family Counselor | 5.36 | 42.56 | 9.94 | 119.03 | 0.006 | .939 |
| (r) Mental Health Counselor | 16.38 | 225.74 | 14.52 | 188.35 | 0.596 | .440 |
| (s) Homemaker/Personal Support Worker | 1312.7 | 8672.2 | 197.32 | 2002.1 | 16.596 | .000 |
| (t) Child/Daycare | 471.87 | 1783.1 | 660.7 | 3453.2 | 2.938 | .087 |
| (u) Subsidized Daycare | 38.64 | 343.66 | 53.73 | 454.04 | 0.014 | .905 |
| (v) Naturopath/Homeopath | 3.37 | 24.29 | 10.14 | 52.35 | 3.071 | .080 |
| (w) Complementary Therapy | 27.95 | 244.5 | 0.77 | 8.81 | 1.249 | .264 |
| (aa) Police | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12.26 | 1.594 | .207 |
| (dd) Social and Recreation Programs | 10939 | 35075 | 14468 | 36389 | 6.479 | .011 |
| (ee) Community Support Programs | 5.92 | 81.62 | 17.07 | 144.62 | 1.882 | .170 |
| (ff) Special Education Services | 1270.8 | 1445.4 | 945.46 | 1350.8 | 5.130 | .024 |
| (gg) Other Special Education Supports | 139.26 | 693.48 | 146.91 | 435.03 | 3.541 | .060 |
| (hh) Others Social and Health providers | 970.35 | 4889.1 | 960.18 | 3402.8 | 0.560 | .454 |
|
| ||||||
| Other Health and Social providers cost | 18340 | 39337 | 18790 | 37367 | 0.067 | .796 |
|
| ||||||
| Community Support Services | ||||||
| (a) Groups/Peer Support | 0.18 | 1.66 | 0.13 | 1.94 | 1.522 | .217 |
| (c) Transportation Services | 22.87 | 62.9 | 3.15 | 22.33 | 20.245 | .000 |
| Other community Support Services | 30.99 | 127.46 | 37.57 | 162.39 | 0.031 | .859 |
|
| ||||||
| Total Community Support Services | 54.04 | 137.37 | 40.84 | 163.17 | 8.006 | .005 |
|
| ||||||
| Outpatient lab tests | ||||||
| (a) Blood | 27.68 | 77.89 | 10.4 | 36.36 | 17.090 | .000 |
| (b) Specimens | 6.37 | 31.89 | 2.34 | 9.47 | 3.920 | .048 |
| (c) Scopes | 0 | 0 | 0.65 | 10.04 | 0.795 | .373 |
| (d) X-rays | 10.9 | 30.64 | 3.78 | 14.97 | 11.765 | .001 |
| (e) Scans | 10.56 | 37.2 | 4.2 | 22.5 | 4.994 | .025 |
| (f) Breathing tests | 1.29 | 6.53 | 0.6 | 4.74 | 2.339 | .126 |
| (g) ECG | 1.35 | 6.13 | 0.17 | 1.81 | 7.654 | .006 |
| (h) EEG | 2.41 | 11.5 | 1.67 | 10.98 | 0.947 | .331 |
| (i) EMG | 1.61 | 15.65 | 0 | 0 | 2.522 | .112 |
| (l) Other outpatient tests | 18.97 | 67.87 | 11.81 | 45.25 | 0.955 | .329 |
|
| ||||||
| Outpatient laboratory tests | 81.15 | 172.97 | 35.62 | 77.76 | 17.343 | .000 |
|
| ||||||
| Medications, treatments and Supplies/Aids | ||||||
| Medication | 628.84 | 1982 | 218.17 | 720.14 | 21.649 | .000 |
| Treatment costs total | 157.34 | 1983 | 15.05 | 151.71 | 1.170 | .279 |
| Supply and device cost | 1691.5 | 8221.9 | 75.76 | 366.7 | 78.729 | .000 |
|
| ||||||
| Medication, treatments, supplies, device, aids | 2477.6 | 8844 | 308.98 | 859.97 | 63.309 | .000 |
|
| ||||||
| Direct Costs excluding Hospital stay, Day surgery | ||||||
| Direct Costs excluding Hospital | 21426 | 40555 | 19429 | 37390 | 1.712 | .191 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital, Day surgery facility | ||||||
| Hospital Cost | 413.55 | 1474.3 | 296.95 | 2467.8 | 6.643 | .010 |
| Day Surgery Facility Stay cost | 20 | 63.58 | 10.04 | 43.77 | 3.257 | .071 |
| Respite | 682.27 | 2170.7 | 257.97 | 952.26 | 7.280 | .007 |
|
| ||||||
| Direct Costs including Hospital stay, Day surgery | ||||||
| Total Direct Costs including Hospital/respite | 22542 | 40525 | 19994 | 37448 | 3.010 | .083 |