Table 8.
Mean 6-month cost of child use of Health and Social Services by Psychosocial Quality of Life.
| Psychosocial Problems | Test Statistic: Kruskal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥3 (n = 175) | <3 (n = 254) | Wallis Test | ||||
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | χ 2 | P | |
| Direct Costs | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Primary Care Provider visits | ||||||
| (a) Family Physician/Walk in Clinic (Primary care) | 70.22 | 101.79 | 65.48 | 104.91 | 1.206 | .272 |
| (b) Emergency Room visits | 52.6 | 143.8 | 69.82 | 156.17 | 2.235 | .135 |
| (c) 911 calls | 0.13 | 1.76 | 0.55 | 3.55 | 2.065 | .151 |
| (d) Ambulance Service | 1.37 | 18.14 | 7.56 | 42 | 3.345 | .067 |
|
| ||||||
| Primary Care Provider Services | 124.32 | 193.84 | 143.41 | 219.11 | 0.005 | .946 |
|
| ||||||
| Physician Specialist visits | ||||||
| (e) Adolescent Medicine Allergist | 0.95 | 12.62 | 0.88 | 6.94 | 0.887 | .346 |
| (f) Cardiologist | 2.43 | 13.6 | 4.55 | 29.98 | 0.433 | .51 |
| (g) Dermatologist | 0.41 | 3.81 | 0.14 | 2.24 | 0.835 | .361 |
| (h) Ears/Nose/Throat Specialist | 9.75 | 25.94 | 8.21 | 20.1 | 0.119 | .73 |
| (i) Endocrinologist | 2.3 | 15.91 | 3.43 | 20.8 | 0.287 | .592 |
| (j) Gastroentologist | 3.12 | 18.73 | 1.2 | 10.04 | 0.86 | .354 |
| (m) Hematologist or Oncologist | 0 | 0 | 0.22 | 3.49 | 0.689 | .407 |
| (n) Nephrologist | 2.78 | 21.42 | 3.59 | 27.58 | 0.091 | .763 |
| (o) Neurosurgeon Orthopedics/Neurologist | 3.07 | 17.35 | 0.53 | 5.94 | 3.967 | .046 |
| (p) Ophthalmologist | 20.83 | 65.7 | 22.96 | 63.43 | 0.819 | .366 |
| (q) Pediatrician | 8.27 | 29.52 | 13.24 | 30.74 | 6.221 | .013 |
| (r) Psychiatrist | 61.55 | 105.34 | 90.49 | 349.02 | 0.436 | .509 |
| (s) Respirologist | 17.73 | 124.54 | 4.74 | 33.67 | 3.238 | .072 |
| (t) Rheumatologist | 2.43 | 18.83 | 5.74 | 39.65 | 2.183 | .14 |
| (u) Rehabilitation Doctor | 7.64 | 92.04 | 0.96 | 15.25 | 1.945 | .163 |
| (v) Surgeon (general, dental) | 0.36 | 4.71 | 0 | 0 | 1.451 | .228 |
| (w) Surgeon (orthopedic) | 1.77 | 10.97 | 1.39 | 10.3 | 0.106 | .745 |
| (x) Surgeon (neurological) | 4.12 | 22.38 | 6.89 | 29.57 | 2.112 | .146 |
| (y) Other health professional visit cost | 0.69 | 9.19 | 1.44 | 13.15 | 0.895 | .344 |
|
| ||||||
| Physician Specialist cost | 59.11 | 171.06 | 48.68 | 147.85 | 0.029 | .866 |
|
| ||||||
| Other Health and/or Social services providers | ||||||
| (a) Physiotherapist | 221.09 | 633.74 | 431.51 | 1028.1 | 9.94 | .002 |
| (b) Massage Therapist | 29.37 | 239.68 | 10.2 | 118.61 | 0.993 | .319 |
| (c) Occupational Therapist | 485.35 | 1197.5 | 436.86 | 997.59 | 0.029 | .865 |
| (d) Speech Language Pathologist | 606.55 | 1313.6 | 427.56 | 822.96 | 0.007 | .933 |
| (e) Chiropractor | 32.67 | 165.83 | 4.19 | 30.44 | 7.505 | .006 |
| (f) Psychologist | 61.81 | 307.15 | 21.75 | 94.68 | 0.832 | .362 |
| (g) Podiatrist/Chiropodist | 7.77 | 45.81 | 4.35 | 54.58 | 3.584 | .058 |
| (h) Nutritionist/Dietician | 14.47 | 73.72 | 41.19 | 167.53 | 4.267 | .039 |
| (i) Nurse Practitioner | 10.02 | 132.49 | 3.82 | 37.44 | 1.44 | .23 |
| (j) Visiting Nurses (Home Care/PHN/VON/SEN) | 254.03 | 2541.4 | 438.7 | 3615.2 | 1.686 | .194 |
| (k) Private Nurse | 0 | 0 | 279.21 | 4123.7 | 1.381 | .24 |
| (l) Optometrist | 36.91 | 176.35 | 18.33 | 42.88 | 2.881 | .09 |
| (m) Dentist | 141 | 157.77 | 118.85 | 137.63 | 3.835 | .05 |
| (n) Social Worker | 39.39 | 279.19 | 22.25 | 101.95 | 0.234 | .628 |
| (o) Children's Aid Worker | 2.01 | 19.08 | 16.3 | 213.98 | 0.002 | .961 |
| (p) Adolescence/School Counselor | 6.84 | 61.15 | 0 | 0 | 4.375 | .036 |
| (q) Family Counselor | 16.76 | 142.55 | 1.81 | 24.96 | 2.771 | .096 |
| (r) Mental Health Counselor | 29.87 | 273.42 | 1.61 | 25.73 | 1.958 | .162 |
| (s) Homemaker/Personal Support Worker | 256.35 | 1549.7 | 991.01 | 7655.1 | 3.943 | .047 |
| (t) Child/Daycare | 389.22 | 1467.4 | 706.49 | 3476.4 | 1.623 | .203 |
| (u) Subsidized Daycare | 38.73 | 425.73 | 52.78 | 396.89 | 0.873 | .35 |
| (v) Naturopath/Homeopath | 8.1 | 45.57 | 6.48 | 40.11 | 1.016 | .313 |
| (w) Complementary Therapy | 0.54 | 5.4 | 21.26 | 211.77 | 0.152 | .697 |
| (aa) Police | 1.37 | 14.32 | 0 | 0 | 2.91 | .088 |
| (dd) Social and Recreation Programs | 316.35 | 876.32 | 233.28 | 533.16 | 1.424 | .233 |
| (ee) Community Support Programs | 8.83 | 108.05 | 14.41 | 129.08 | 0.137 | .711 |
| (ff) Special Education Services | 1226.2 | 1448.1 | 995.43 | 1362.8 | 2.34 | .126 |
| (gg) Other Special Education Supports | 140.37 | 391.31 | 145.7 | 657.27 | 0.312 | .576 |
| (hh) Others Social and Health providers | 1264.7 | 5597.9 | 758.45 | 2663.1 | 0.512 | .474 |
|
| ||||||
| Other Health and Social providers | 5646.6 | 8389.6 | 6203.8 | 11640 | 0.032 | .857 |
|
| ||||||
| Community Support Services | ||||||
| (a) Groups/Peer Support | 0.37 | 2.84 | 0 | 0 | 5.847 | .016 |
| (c) Transportation Services | 11.43 | 45.59 | 12.2 | 46.45 | 0.22 | .639 |
| Other community Support Services | 42.2 | 174.66 | 29.46 | 126.15 | 0.057 | .811 |
|
| ||||||
| Total Community Support Services | 54 | 178.05 | 41.65 | 131.72 | 0.031 | .861 |
|
| ||||||
| Outpatient lab tests | ||||||
| (a) Blood | 20.47 | 75.74 | 16.39 | 44.15 | 0.137 | .711 |
| (b) Specimens | 5.14 | 31.63 | 3.42 | 12.71 | 0.152 | .697 |
| (c) Scopes | 0 | 0 | 0.61 | 9.74 | 0.689 | .407 |
| (d) X-rays | 5.38 | 15.49 | 8.01 | 27.67 | 0.061 | .805 |
| (e) Scans | 6.77 | 29.36 | 7.18 | 30.57 | 0.055 | .814 |
| (f) Breathing tests | 0.82 | 5.95 | 0.97 | 5.37 | 0.857 | .355 |
| (g) ECG | 0.79 | 4.43 | 0.62 | 4.27 | 0.421 | .516 |
| (h) EEG | 2.94 | 14.06 | 1.35 | 8.69 | 1.618 | .203 |
| (i) EMG | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 13.54 | 1.381 | .24 |
| (l) Other outpatient tests | 14.77 | 52.54 | 15.13 | 59.08 | 0.017 | .896 |
|
| ||||||
| Outpatient laboratory tests | 57.09 | 160.66 | 54.88 | 105.6 | 0.258 | .611 |
|
| ||||||
| Medications, treatments and Supplies/Aids | ||||||
| Medication | 490.11 | 1927.5 | 338 | 963.52 | 0.127 | .721 |
| Treatment costs total | 23.71 | 183.61 | 115.52 | 1714.9 | 0.032 | .859 |
| Supply and device cost | 342.61 | 1329.5 | 1100.5 | 7090 | 2.299 | .129 |
|
| ||||||
| Medication, treatments, supplies, device, aids | 856.43 | 2440.7 | 1554 | 7536.4 | 0.003 | .956 |
|
| ||||||
| Direct Costs excluding Hospital stay, Day surgery | ||||||
| Direct Costs excluding Hospital | 6947.8 | 9281 | 8217 | 14542 | 0.019 | .891 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital, Day surgery facility | ||||||
| Hospital Cost | 333.13 | 2273.4 | 359.24 | 1950.3 | 0.719 | .397 |
| Day Surgery Facility Stay cost | 11.43 | 51.26 | 16.54 | 55.19 | 1.505 | .22 |
| Respite | 475.37 | 1642.4 | 425.57 | 1610 | 0.338 | .561 |
|
| ||||||
| Direct Costs including Hospital stay, Day surgery | ||||||
| Total Direct Costs including Hospital/respite | 7767.7 | 9817.2 | 9018.4 | 14992 | 0.175 | .676 |