Specificity of the P0 promoter to schwannoma cells. Cytotoxicity of ICE-lacZ under control of P0 promoter was evaluated in culture and in vivo. (a) 293 T, HEI-193 and SH-SY5Y human cells were infected with HSV amplicon vectors carrying an expression cassette for either ICE-lacZ or lacZ under the P0 promoter, or ICE-lacZ under the CMV promoter at an MOI of 5. Seventy-two hours post-infection cell viability was evaluated using the WST-1 assay. Levels of significance: HGP0-ICE-lacZ in HEI-93 compared with either 293 T or SH-SY5Y cells **P < 0.005; HGC-ICE-lacZ-treated controls compared with no virus *P < 0.05; (b) Five million HEI-193 cells were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. When tumors reached about 100 mm3 in volume (day 6; tumor volume set at 100% for each tumor), as calculated by caliper measurements, they were injected with 107 tu HGP0-ICE-lacZ amplicon vector or HGP0-lacZ (control vector) on days 6, 9 and 12 (arrows). Tumor volume was monitored twice weekly with caliper measurements (level of significance between the vector-treated and control tumors at day 24 *P < 0.05). Values shown as mean±s.d.