TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to incident type 2 diabetes
| No diabetes | Diabetes | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 25,149 | 1,687 | |
| Age (years) | 54.6 ± 7.10 | 54.6 ± 6.55 | 0.96 |
| Current smoking (%) | 11.5 | 13.2 | 0.04 |
| Hypertension (%) | 22.4 | 47.0 | <0.001 |
| Postmenopausal status (%) | 54.0 | 55.6 | <0.001 |
| Postmenopausal hormone use (%) | 44.3 | 40.4 | 0.002 |
| Fasting (%) | 75.8 | 78.6 | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 4.6 | 30.6 ± 5.9 | <0.001 |
| A1C (%) | 4.98 (4.83–5.15) | 5.28 (5.07–5.53) | <0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 23.4 | 43.9 | <0.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/l) | 1.84 (0.74–3.98) | 4.42 (2.26–7.34) | <0.001 |
| Lipid concentrations (mg/dl) | |||
| Total cholesterol | 208 (184–235) | 213 (187–242) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol | 121 (100–144) | 126 (104–152) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol | 53 (44–63) | 42 (36–50) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides | 115 (82–167) | 175 (126–247) | <0.001 |
| NMR lipoprotein particle concentrations | |||
| LDLNMR (nmol/l) | |||
| Total | 1,260 (1,024–1,570) | 1,587 (1,288–1,944) | <0.001 |
| Large | 551 (414–692) | 424 (268–589) | <0.001 |
| Small | 632 (382–972) | 1,075 (714–1,502) | <0.001 |
| IDLNMR | 32 (10–66) | 51 (22–93) | <0.001 |
| HDLNMR (μmol/l) | |||
| Total | 35.1 (31.2–39.5) | 34.2 (30.1–39.0) | <0.001 |
| Large | 7.8 (5.3–10.5) | 4.6 (3.0–6.8) | <0.001 |
| Medium | 2.7 (0.8–6.0) | 2.7 (0.8–5.8) | 0.68 |
| Small | 23.6 (19.9–27.2) | 25.5 (22.0–28.8) | <0.001 |
| VLDLNMR (nmol/l) | |||
| Total | 68.0 (48.9–90.1) | 73.8 (55.1–94.6) | <0.001 |
| Large | 1.3 (0.3–3.6) | 3.0 (1.4–5.5) | <0.001 |
| Medium | 20.8 (11.1–31.8) | 20.9 (11.9–32.6) | 0.13 |
| Small | 44.5 (32.2–57.8) | 48.2 (36.7–59.9) | <0.001 |
| NMR average particle size (nm) | |||
| LDLNMR size | 21.4 (20.9–21.9) | 20.7 (20.1–21.3) | <0.001 |
| HDLNMR size | 9.0 (8.7–9.4) | 8.6 (8.4–8.9) | <0.001 |
| VLDLNMR size | 46.3 (42.0–51.6) | 51.1 (46.6–56.7) | <0.001 |
Data are median (interquartile range) or means ± SD, unless otherwise indicated.
*P values were obtained from Student t test for continuous variables expressed as means, from Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for variables expressed as medians, and χ2 tests for categorical variables.