Table 3.

Expression of activation markers on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood (PB) CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes from interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients and healthy controls.

	SARC (n = 23)	HP (n = 7)	HC (n = 24)	SARC (n = 23)	HP (n = 7)	HC (n = 24)
Markers	Bronchoalveolar lavage cells			Peripheral blood cells
CD4+ lymphocytes
CD25	17·6 (7·5–39·5)	19·7 (15·6–75·4)	48·8 (28·5–75·0)*	52·4 (22·7–74·9)	58·6 (44·0–63·5)	44·4 (30·8–81·6)
CD28	97·4 (73·9–99·9)†	57·3 (38·9–93·1)	94·4 (80·4–99·4)†	99·4 (73·6–100)	95·9 (90·5–99·8)	99·9 (80·5–100)
CD69	69·8 (37·1–94·8)†	89·4 (80·5–95·7)	66·7 (44·8–79·3)†	2·7 (0·3–13·8)	1·2 (0·8–4·8)	2·2 (1·2–16·5)
VLA-1	25·6 (7·7–71·5)†	55·9 (35·5–69·4)	27·9 (11·3–54·2)†	5·5 (1·8–17·2)	5·0 (3·1–12·5)	2·9 (0·6–17·5)
VLA-4	99·2 (97·3–99·8)	99·6 (97·2–99·9)	ND	86·7 (66·7–93·5)	86·2 (78·8–89·1)	ND
HLA-DR	93·4 (84·5–98·7)	93·9 (91·7–97·4)	ND	19·0 (7·2–64·7)	15·6 (10·6–21·4)	ND
CD8+ lymphocytes
CD25	6·1 (1·7–20·5)	7·5 (5·3–46·1)	19·3 (7·8–40·3)*	8·4 (1·3–26·1)	11·8 (4·4–22·2)	7·1 (3·5–29·5)
CD28	57·0 (27·5–85·2)	24·1 (8·9–76·7)	64·2 (39·3–80·1)	60·2 (10·0–96·2)	69·5 (19·3–100)	87·6 (62·3–96·4)*
CD69	86·4 (37·0–97·3)	97·3 (79·8–98·8)	85·1 (75·0–94·2)	5·1 (0–21·2)	1·0 (0·3–3·3)*	2·9 (1·6–23·1)
VLA-1	75·6 (28·3–96·3)	94·9 (68·9–97·2)	80·5 (53·6–96·0)	5·1 (0·6–36·8)	5·4 (1·8–10·3)	3·3 (0·9–29·8)
VLA-4	99·7 (97·2–100)	99·9 (99·2–100)	ND	98·4 (93·6–100)	99·0 (98·8–99·4)	ND
HLA-DR	80·4 (61·3–98·8)†	96·4 (89·0–99·1)	ND	35·3 (9·9–91·8)	43·4 (22·7–64·0)	ND

^*Significant difference (P < 0·01), compared to sarcoidosis (SARC).

^†Significant difference (P < 0·01), compared to hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Numbers are expressed as median (range). HLA-DR: human leucocyte antigen D-related; ND, not determined; VLA: very late antigen.