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Heterodyne interferometric detection of the light scattered by a nanoparticle or a virus (yellow) as it traverses a laser focus. The scheme employs an excitation laser (Eexc) with frequency ω that is reflected off a beamsplitter and focused via an objective into a nanofluidic channel. The scattered light (Es) is superimposed to a reference beam (Er) with frequency ω + Δω and directed onto a differential detector.
